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The Shape and Growth of Town & Village in China

This historical exploration examines the development and evolution of urban areas in East Asia, with a focus on China. It discusses the differences between East and West cities, the early city patterns, development ideologies and policies, and the social structure and citizen's consciousness. The text also delves into ancient civilizations, grid patterns in urban layouts, and the special meaning in the urban form of East Asia.

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The Shape and Growth of Town & Village in China

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  1. The Shape and Growth of Town & Village in China -----A historical view of urban phenomenon in East Asian Unknown Asian

  2. Unit 1 The Origin of World Cities and East Asian Civilization

  3. Cities under the Curtain of Night Chang’an Shanghai

  4. Differences between the East and the West Cities in Early Times • The early city patterns in E & W • Concept of city and legal system • Continuity or discontinuity of cities • Development ideology and policies • Social structure and citizen’s consciousness

  5. City Forms in Early Western Countries(natural adjustment or biological rhythms) Mycenaeus Roma Paris

  6. City Forms in Early Eastern Countries(Grid pattern: orthogonal & symmetrical network ) Chang’an Nara Hue

  7. Ancient Civilization in the World • Mesopotamia 2800 BC: Sumerian culture and the early dynasties, Babylon, Eridu • Egypt 2850 BC: the 1st Dynasty and unification, Thebes, Memphis • India 2500 BC: early Indus civilization, Menhenjo-daro, Harappa • Roma 753 BC: Establishment of Roma city, under Greek culture’s influences, Roma, Trier

  8. Ancient Civilization in the World Mesopotamia Egypt Roma India

  9. Ancient Civilization in the World Grid Pattern in Urban Layout Aswan Babylon Ruins Thamugadi Harappa

  10. Special Meaning in Urban Form of E.A • Political structure and urban form All the network was oriented toward the cardinal directions (N-S); Administrative center is located near the crossing point of the + or T grid; • Product of an agricultural society Well-field system: Chinese character for “well” (井); roads and channels crisscrossed urban land and divided it into squares • Li-fang system Effective administration: dominance over the city both in spatial and time divisions:residential streets and market areas segregated by a square-grid network of roads---- a million-population capital was safeguarded by 150 officers and soldiers.

  11. Ancient Chinese Cities in Evolution Centralism dominance over cities

  12. About East Asian • East Asiaor Eastern Asia(the latter form preferred by the United Nations) is a sub-region of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. • Land and Population East Asia covers about 12,000,000 km2(4,600,000 sq mi), or about 28 percent of the Asian continent, more than 1.5 billion people, about 38% of the population of Asia or 22% of all the people in the world, live in geographic East Asia.

  13. Where is East Asia? Prairie Plateau Mountain Ocean

  14. A Survey of East Asian Culture • Geographic situation Ocean + Plateau + Prairie: an enclosed civilization • Development of East Asian Cultural Ring Successive urban development: from the core to the rim; from the highly civilized to the benighted; cultural exchanges inside the traditional scope and anti-foreign policies • Common features of East Asian cities Reverence forastronomic phenomenon (City location); Cultural dissemination & exchanges (Confucianism); Chinese-barbarian value and the ceremonial orders (Hierarchy)

  15. City Forms in Early East Asian Countries(schematic orthogonal planning) Osaka Hue

  16. China and East Asian Countries • Chinese cultural sphere East Asian vocabulary and scripts are often derived from Classical Chinese and Chinese script (Korea, Japan, Vietnam). • Chinese Philosophy The Book of Changes, Confucianism: emphasizing personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, traditionalism, and sincerity. (related to Urban Society) • Chinese Calendar The root from which many other East Asian calendars are derived. (related to Urban Spatial Form)

  17. Chronological Table of China’s History Ancient philosophy Ancient Periods Early urbanization Basic urban form Great prosperity Middle Ages Cultural export External influence Pre-modern Times Stagnant decline

  18. Qin and Han Civilization

  19. Apogeeof Ancient Chinese Civilization

  20. Citiesin Mid/Later Chinese Empires Kaifeng Old City Chang’an Royal Garden Beijing Anhui Prov.

  21. Traditional Chinese Architecture----Dragon & Phoenix Worship and the Traditional Big-roofStruchitecture 1. Wudian Style Nara, Japan Beijing, China

  22. Traditional Chinese Architecture 2. Xieshan Style

  23. Traditional Chinese Architecture 3. Xuanshan Style Beijing Japan

  24. Traditional Chinese Architecture 4. Yingshan Style Shenyang Palace

  25. Traditional Chinese Spinal Animal Fairy riding a crane

  26. Traditional Value of Chinese Family • More children, more blessing • Natural relationship is the happy of families • Symbolic means of fruits and plants: pomegranate, grapes, bamboo, pagoda tree, plum blossom, crab apple tree

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