Clauses

1. Clauses Composing More Interesting Sentences with Different Types of Clauses

2. Independent Clauses • An independent clause is a sentence. • It has a subject and verb like every clause. • It stands alone. • It does not need another clause to complete it. • Each sentence on this slide is an independent clause

3. Dependent Clause • A dependent clause needs an independent clause to complete it because it cannot stand on its own. • Although a dependent clause has a subject and verb, it is not a complete sentence. • There are two dependent clauses in the sentences above. • Can you find them?

4. Dependent Clauses • because it cannot stand on its own • Although a dependent clause has a subject and verb

5. Dependent Clauses • What makes these clauses dependent? • because • Although

6. Dependent Clauses • Because and although are subordinating conjunctions. • They make a clause dependent

7. Dependent Clauses • Here are some other subordinating conjunctions: • if when even though whereas while since unless • before so that until after whenever wherever • as if provided that whether unless inasmuch as

8. Dependent Clauses • Get the idea? • Subordinating conjunctions show contrast, cause, time, condition, place, and degree. • In other words, they make a clause depend on another clause to complete it.

9. Dependent Clauses • Another kind of dependent clause is the relative pronoun clause. • A relative pronoun acts as the subject of the clause, but the clause cannot stand alone.

10. Dependent Clauses • Some relative pronouns include the following: • who whom that which whoever whomever • whose

11. Dependent Clauses • Look at the following sentences to see if you can recognize the relative pronoun clauses: • Malcolm Gladwell, who wrote Outliers, believes people must practice to be good at anything. • The dent that is on the roof of my car rusted after the rain last week.

12. Dependent Clauses • who wrote Outliers • that is on the roof of my car

13. Dependent Clauses • Look at the sentences without their relative pronoun clauses: • Malcolm Gladwell believes people must practice to be good at anything. • The dent rusted after the rain last week.

14. Dependent Clauses • They make sense, but the relative pronoun clauses give more information and make the sentences more interesting to read.

15. Clauses • Now that you know the difference between independent and dependent clauses, use them to make your sentences more interesting.

16. Credits • For more information, contact Laura Neubauer: • Laura Neubauer