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General Assessments

General Assessments. KNR 279. General Assessment. Typically CTRS do not administer general assessments but need to be familiar and understand implications of their results for TR services Sylvester, Voelkl, & Ellis, 2001, p. 304 Lists variety of general assessments (p. 304-308) Physical

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General Assessments

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  1. General Assessments KNR 279

  2. General Assessment • Typically CTRS do not administer general assessments but need to be familiar and understand implications of their results for TR services • Sylvester, Voelkl, & Ellis, 2001, p. 304 • Lists variety of general assessments (p. 304-308) • Physical • Psychological • Social • Quality of life • Stumbo, N. J. (1994/95). Assessment of social skills for therapeutic recreation intervention. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 5, 68-82.

  3. General Assessments • NCTRC/ATRA • Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) • American Spinal Injury Association Scale (ASIA) • Rancho Los Amigos Scale • Glasgow Coma Scale • Children’s Coma Scale • Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)

  4. GAF • Global Assessment of Functioning Scale • Behavioral health (psy./substance) • Looks at overall functioning • Continuum from psychiatric illness to health • Looks at highest functioning in last year

  5. GAF (cont.) • Scale 1 (sickest) to 100 (healthiest) • 81-90/91-100 = positive mental health • 31-70 most outpatients • 1-40 most inpatients • Areas • Psychological impairment • Social skills • Dangerousness • Occupational skills • Substance abuse

  6. GAF (cont.) • Sources: • Activity Therapy interview • Observation • Reliable informant • Medical record • Outcome measure • Beck Depression Scale, improve from 35 to 18 • http://www.bsu.edu/csh/ssrc/media/pdf/gafpage.pdf

  7. American Spinal Injury Association Scale (ASIA) • Used with spinal cord injury • Impairment Scale • Complete: No motor or sensory function • Incomplete: Sensory but not motor function preserved • Incomplete: Motor function is preserved & more than half of key muscles have muscle grade less than 3 • Incomplete: Motor function preserved, grade 4 or more • Normal: Motor and sensory function are normal • http://www.sci-info-pages.com/levels.html

  8. Ranchos Los Amigos Cognitive Scale • Helpful in assessing patient in first weeks or months of brain injury • Does not require cooperation of patient • Based on observations of response to external stimuli • 10 levels (8 levels on original) • Scale: http://www.waiting.com/rancholosamigos.html http://www.braininjury.com/recovery.html • Family guide: http://www.rancho.org/patient_education/bi_cognition.pdf

  9. Glasgow Coma Scale • Assesses degree of brain impairment & identifies seriousness of injury in relation to outcome • 3 determinants • Eye opening • Verbal responses • Motor response (movement) • http://www.northeastcenter.com/glasgow_coma_scale.htm

  10. Children’s Coma Scale • Used with children • Eye opening • Best verbal or nonverbal response • Best motor response • http://www.medal.org/visitor/www%5CActive%5Cch17%5Cch17.01%5Cch17.01.02.aspx

  11. Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) • Stages of cognitive function for patients with primary degenerative dementia like Alzheimer’s disease • 7 stages • 1-3 = pre-dementia • 4-7 = dementia stages • Beginning in stage 5 an individual can no longer survive without assistance • http://www.seniors-resource.com/frames/dem9.htm

  12. Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) • 1: No cognitive decline • 2: Very mild cognitive decline • Age associated memory impairment • 3: Mild cognitive decline • 4: Moderate cognitive decline • Mild dementia • 5: Moderately severe cognitive decline • Moderate dementia • 6: Severe cognitive decline • Moderately severe dementia • 7: Very severe cognitive decline • Severe dementia

  13. Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) • Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) • Often used with GDS • Concentration • Recent memory • Past memory • Orientation • Functioning & self-care • www.geriatric-resources.com/html/bcrs.html

  14. Assessing Pain • JCAHO requirement • January 2001 • Importance of pain management

  15. Pain Assessment • Variety of pain assessments • http://www.partnersagainstpain.com/professional-tools/pain-assessment-scales.aspx?id=3

  16. Other Assessment Issues • Language

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