The History of health care

1. TheHistory of health care Unit 1

2. History of Health Care Introduction Why is it important to understand the history of health care?

3. History of Health Care Introduction You have an infected finger and the doctor orders leeches to treat the infection.

4. History of Health Care Introduction Is this an ancient or modern treatment? Does it work?

5. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 4000 BC-3000 BC Primitive Times • Illness & disease caused by spiritsand demons • Average life span = 20 years

6. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 3000 BC-300 BC Ancient Egyptians • Believed body was system of channels (ducts) • Bloodletting was used when channels were “blocked” • Average life span = 20-30 years

7. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 1700 BC-AD 220 Ancient Chinese • Used acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion • Average life span = 20-30 years

8. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 1200 BC-200 BC Ancient Greeks • Hippocrates – Father of Medicine • Developed organized method to observe human body • Recorded Signs & Symptoms

9. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 1200 BC-200 BC Ancient Greeks • Hippocrates – Father of Medicine • Created high standardof ethics:“The Hippocratic Oath”used by physicians today.

10. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 1200 BC-200 BC Ancient Greeks • Aristotle – Dissected animals; founder of what is known today as anatomy • Avg. life span=25-35 years

11. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 753 BC-AD 410 Ancient Romans • First to provide medical care for injured soldiers • Physicians cared for ill people in their homes • Hospitals established in religious institutions

12. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 753 BC-AD 410 Ancient Romans • Began public health & sanitation systems • Aqueducts to carry clean water to cities • Sewers to carry waste away from cities

13. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 753 BC-AD 410 Ancient Romans • Claudius Galen: physician; body is controlled by a balance of fluids (humors), blood, phlegm and bile. Imbalance in fluids lead to illness. • Average life span = 25-35 years

14. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time AD 400- AD 800 Dark Ages • Prayer & divine intervention used to treat illness & disease • Study of medicine was prohibited • Average life span = 20-30 years

15. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time AD 800- AD 1400 Middle Ages • Medical universities were created • Pandemic killed ¾ of the population of Europe & Asia • Arab physicians required to pass exam before getting license to practice • Average life span = 20-35 years

16. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time AD 1350- AD 1650 Renaissance • Body dissection was performed • Michelangelo & Leonardo da Vinci drew human body • Printing press allowed for distribution of information • First anatomy book published

17. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time AD 1350- AD 1650 Renaissance • Average life span = 30-40 years

18. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 16th & 17th Centuries • Cause of diseases still not known • Ambrose Pare: Father of modern surgery • William Harvey: described circulation to and from the heart

19. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 16th & 17th Centuries • Anton van Leeuwenhoek: invented microscope • Average life span = 35-45 years

20. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 18th Century • Gabriel Fahrenheit: invented first mercury thermometer

21. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 18th Century • Benjamin Franklin: invented bifocals • Edward Jenner: developed vaccination for smallpox

22. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 18th Century • Average life span = 40-50 years

23. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • French barbers:acted as surgeonsby extracting teeth, using leeches for treatment and giving enemas

24. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • 1st Blood transfusion (1818)

25. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • Rene Laennec:invented stethoscope(1819)

26. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • Elizabeth Blackwell: first female physician in the U.S. (1849)

27. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • Florence Nightingale: Founder of modern nursing; • Began educationfor nurses (1850’s & 1860’s)

28. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • Joseph Lister: began use of disinfectants and antiseptics in surgery to prevent infection (1865)

29. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • Louis Pasteur: “pasteurized” milk to kill bacteria • Created rabiesvaccine (1885)

30. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • DimitriIvanofski: discovered viruses (1892)

31. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • Wilhelm Roentgen: discoveredx-rays (1895)

32. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 19th Century • Average life span = 40-60 years

33. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Most rapid growth in modern healthcare occurred during this time period • Many diseases were specifically identified, treated and cured

34. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Standards of care were established • Technology is integrated into healthcare and is used in every aspect of medical care today

35. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Carl Landsteiner:Classified ABOblood groups (1901)

36. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Sigmund Freud:formed the basisfor psychology &psychiatry (early 1900’s)

37. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Frederick Banting & Charles Best:discovered &used insulinto treat diabetes(1922)

38. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Sir Alexander Fleming:discovered the antibioticpenicillin (1928)

39. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • George Papanicolaou:developed the “pap smear”to detect cervical cancerin females

40. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Jonas Salk:developed the polio vaccineusing deadpolio virus(1952)

41. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Francis Crick & James Watson:discoveredthe structureof DNA, ourgenetic blue-print (1953)

42. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Christian Barnard:Performed 1stheart transplant(1968)

43. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • CAT Scan:developed (1975)

44. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Louise Brown:first “test-tube” baby,conceived ina laboratory(1978)

45. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS):first identified as a disease(1981)HIV (1984)

46. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Ben Carson:First to separateconjoined twins;has pioneeredmany new procedures (1987)

47. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century • Sheep Cloned:“Dolly” thesheep was cloned byDr. Ian Wilmut(1997)

48. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 20th Century Average life span = 60-70 years

49. History of Health Care I. Health Care Through Time 21st Century • What impact will YOU have on the history of health care? • What will YOU discover? • What will YOU cure? • Average life span = 100 yrs plus?

50. History of Health Care II. Trends In Health Care Cost Containment