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Department of Mechanical Engineering Full time academic staff = 43 members

AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OF A 300 KW HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE M. Mirhosseini , M. Alaian , A. Sedaghat , and A.A . Alemrajabi Speaker: Dr Ahmad Sedaghat Department of Mechanical Engineering Isfahan University of Technology (IUT). Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Department of Mechanical Engineering Full time academic staff = 43 members

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  1. AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OF A 300 KW HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE M. Mirhosseini , M. Alaian, A. Sedaghat, and A.A. AlemrajabiSpeaker:Dr Ahmad SedaghatDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology (IUT)

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering • Full time academic staff = 43 members • Technical staff = 18 members • Undergraduate students = 728 students • Postgraduate students = 230 MSc & 96 PhD students • Courses in Renewable Energies: Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Fuel Cells, Energy Conversion and Energy Managements, Tidal and Wave Energy • Facilities in wind energy: Wind tunnel 90cm X 90cm, Water Channel 100 m, and wind anomometers

  3. Research in Renewable Energy at IUT • Feasibility studies in wind energy potentials in Iran (The potential energy of wind is estimated to be about 6500MW in Iran) • Design and manufacturing small innovative wind turbines: a three bladed helical vertical axis wind and water turbine, a two bladed horizontal axis magneous type turbine • Design and manufacturing water current turbines: Gorlov or DNA type, and VGOT type • Open jet wind tunnel testing • Nano-layers and Nano-fluids in Solar Energy applications • Hybrid power systems and fuel cells

  4. Wind Farming in Iran • Two sets of 500 kW Nordtank wind turbines were installed in Manjil and Roodbar in 1994. They produced more than 1.8 million kWh per year. • These two sites are in the north of Iran, 250 km from Tehran, the capital of Iran. The average wind speed is 15 m/s for 3700 hours per year in Roodbar, and 13 m/s for 3400 hours per year in Manjil. • There are currently 21 installed wind turbines in Manjil, i.e. 1×500KW, 5×550 KW and 15×300 KW[2]. • The aim of this study is to design a site specific 300 kW wind turbine for the province of Semnan in Iran

  5. Wind Farming in Semnan province • Semnan province is is the sixth big province in Iran and is bordered from east by the province of Khorasanrazavi, from north, Northern Khorasan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, from south, Yazd and Esfahan provinces, west, Tehran and Qom provinces. • In general, the dominant prevailing wind in the area is blowing from the northwest to the southeast and is called Tooraneh. Also other winds in the province called Shahriari, Kavir and Khorasan winds, blow from west, south and east to west in different seasons of the year, respectively [5]. • Detailed statistical study of wind at 10m, 30m and 40m height in Semnan province is presented in [6].

  6. Orientation Turbines can be categorized into two overarching classes based on the orientation of the rotor Vertical Axis Horizontal Axis

  7. Calculation of Wind Power Power in the Wind = ½ρCpAV3 • Power in the wind • Effect of swept area, A • Effect of wind speed, V • Effect of air density,  • Power coefficient, Cp Swept Area: A = πR2 Area of the circle swept by the rotor (m2).

  8. ΩR V λ= Tip-Speed Ratio ΩR R Tip-speed ratio is the ratio of the speed of the rotating blade tip to the speed of the free stream wind. There is an optimum angle of attack which creates the highest lift to drag ratio. Because angle of attack is dependant on wind speed, there is an optimum tip-speed ratio Where, Ω = rotational speed in radians /sec R = Rotor Radius V = Wind “Free Stream” Velocity

  9. Performance Over Range of Tip Speed Ratios • Power Coefficient Varies with Tip Speed Ratio • Characterized by Cp vs Tip Speed Ratio Curve

  10. Maximum power coefficient Cp B: Number of blades Cl: Lift coefficient Cd: Drag coefficient λ: Tip speed ratio

  11. Airfoil Shape Just like the wings of an airplane, wind turbine blades use the airfoil shape to create lift and maximize efficiency.

  12. Lift & Drag Forces • The Lift Force is perpendicular to the direction of motion. We want to make this force BIG. • The Drag Force is parallel to the direction of motion. We want to make this force small. α = low α = medium <10 degrees α = High Stall!!

  13. Twist & Taper • Speed through the air of a point on the blade changes with distance from hub • Therefore, tip speed ratio varies as well • To optimize angle of attack all along blade, it must twist from root to tip Fastest Faster Fast

  14. Rotor Design for 300 KW and Pitch Controlled Turbine • In high wind speeds, it is noteworthy to be able to control and limit the rotational mechanical power. • The power controls: stall control, pitch control or active stall control. • Pitch control system is becoming dominant in recent years. • For low wind speeds, the pitch controller can continuously adjust the speed of the rotor to maintain the tip speed ratio constant. • For higher wind speeds however pitch angle regulation is required to keep the rotational speed constant.

  15. Rotor Design for 300 KW and Pitch Controlled Turbine • Design is begun with choosing of variety parameters of rotor and an airfoil. • The primitive blade shape is determined using an optimum shape blade using Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory by considering wake rotating, drag, tip losses and ease of manufacturing. • In our design, the RISØ type airfoils is used [24]. The airfoils RISØ-A1-24 ،FFA-W3-301،FFA-W3-241،DU93-W-210, were proper choices from which RISØ-A1-24 is selected in this work.

  16. Lift & Drag for 300 kW wind turbine • Lift coefficient, Cl, is almost constant to the value of 1.43 except at the tip which it drops to the value of 1.0. • Drag coefficient has a constant value of 0.01 everywhere. • This provides a lift to drag ratio of 143 nearly for 90 percent of the length of blade.

  17. Chord & Twist Distribution • Chord length distribution from the BEM analysis to a maximum value of 2.5 metere at nearly 10 percent from the blade root to the value of nearly 0.25 meteres at tip. • Twist angle distribution across the blade length varying from 40 degrees in root to nearly –5 degrees near tip of blade.

  18. Power Coefficient • Left Figure: Power coefficient for the rotor blade which possess its maximum near tip at 90 percent of the blade length. • Right Figure: Maximum Cp of nearly 0.472 at the tip speed ratio of 10

  19. Conclusions • Blade Element Momentum theory (BEM) was used to design a HAWT blade for a 300 kW horizontal axis wind turbine for province of Semnan in Iran. • The Risø type aerofoils was designed for chord length of 0.25 m and 2.5 m at tip and at near the root of blade, respectively. • The rated wind speed of 8 m/s was used according to wind statistics of Semnan province. • The annual power production of this 300 kW wind turbine is estimated to be 745 MWh in the region of Haddadeh in Semnan province. • Current focus is on the design of offshore 3 MW wind turbines.

  20. THANK YOU ALL!

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