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Jantar Mantar ‘instruments and formulae’

Jantar Mantar ‘instruments and formulae’. Jaipur, India. Commissioned by Emperor Muhammad Shah to correct the existing astronomical tables and fix planetary positions. Built by Sawai Jai Singh-II in 1728. The Jaiprakash Yantra.

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Jantar Mantar ‘instruments and formulae’

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  1. Jantar Mantar‘instruments and formulae’ Jaipur, India

  2. Commissioned by Emperor Muhammad Shah to correct the existing astronomical tables and fix planetary positions

  3. Built by Sawai Jai Singh-II in 1728

  4. The Jaiprakash Yantra

  5. The Jaiprakash Yantra is in the form of two hemispherical bowls representing the celestial spheres

  6. Each cavity is divided into six marble slabs, divided further into minutes and seconds and includes the signs of the zodiac

  7. A disc suspended in the centre of each sphere

  8. A disc suspended in the centre of each sphere, produces a shadow on the instrument

  9. From which you can read the position of the sun.

  10. This instrument was the last to be built, is the most accurate, and was used to test the other instruments.

  11. The Ram Yantra

  12. The Ram Yantra is two marble cylinders, with a rod mounted in the centre.

  13. The position of the rods the shadow marks the position of the sun, and thus the position of celestial bodies

  14. The twelve triangles are graduated from 90 – 45 degrees, and the walls are graduated from 45 – 0 degrees.

  15. The Laghu Sanrat Yantra ‘Small sun dial’

  16. On each side of gnomon, there are two quadrants. The left for time in the morning and right for the afternoon

  17. The gnomon is at 27 degrees (about 14:26Hrs here)

  18. The quadrants are graduated into hours and minutes, the minutes are graduated into 3rds

  19. The Nariyalya Yantra

  20. There are two faces to this sundial, parallel to each other, one face is used when the sun is in the northern hemisphere (21st March and 22nd September)

  21. Rashivalaya (Star Sign) Yantra

  22. A group of 12 instruments, with graduated quadrants on each side. The quadrants represent the ecliptic.

  23. When a zodiac reaches the local meridian the time on the associated sun dial will be correct.

  24. Yantra Raj (off screen)

  25. Yantra Raj, only one of these is an instrument, the other a blackboard!

  26. Made of 7 alloys to prevent expansion and contraction.

  27. The hole in the centre is the position of Polaris.

  28. Using the instrument it is possible to calculate the dates of solar and lunar eclipses, Sun rise & set, moon rise and set etc.

  29. The Samrat Yantra ‘the King of all instruments’(it’s behind you!)

  30. The largest Yantra, the gnomon is 89ft high and 148ft wide, the arches in the wall are to prevent storm damage.

  31. Accurate to 2 seconds local time, the Samrat is still in use today for astronomy…

  32. And weather prediction… A flag on the top shows the wind direction and the coming of the monsoons

  33. Other Yantras at the site (not my photos) Chakra Yantra Unnatasha Yantra Digansa Yantra Kranti Writa Yantra

  34. Other Yantras at the site (not my photos) Kapali Yantra Dhakshinodak Bhitti Yantra

  35. Thank you

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