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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. - an ideal tool for Diagnosis & Drug Design. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES APPLICATIONS OF NMR IN MEDICINE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN DIAGNOSIS DRUG DEVELOPMENT NMR Nobel prize laureates. INTRODUCTION.
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -an ideal tool for Diagnosis & Drug Design www.assignmentpoint.com
CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • BASIC PRINCIPLE • DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES • APPLICATIONS OF NMR IN MEDICINE • CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN DIAGNOSIS • DRUG DEVELOPMENT • NMR Nobel prize laureates www.assignmentpoint.com
INTRODUCTION • BASIC PRINCIPLE IN NMR • Atomic nuclei – tiny magnets • In external magnetic field - allign or oppose • If irradiated with EMR of proper frequency – Resonance √ αβo PARAMETERS • Chemical shifts • Spin lattice relaxation time www.assignmentpoint.com
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES • Based on nuclei • H1 NMR • C13 NMR • F13 NMR & P31 NMR • N15 NMR & O17 NMR • CWNMR • FTNMR • 2D_NMR &3D_NMR • COSY _CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY • MRI_MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING • ESR_ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY www.assignmentpoint.com
APPLICATIONS OF NMR IN MEDICINE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF PROTON IMAGING IN DIAGNOSIS BRAIN Distinguishing gray matter & white matter Imaging posterior fossae, brain stem, spinal cord Detect demyelinating lesions, tumors, hemorrhages, infarctions www.assignmentpoint.com
ABDOMEN • Metabolic liver disease • Measures liver iron over load in hemochromatosis • Focal areas of inflammation in chronic active hepatisis KIDNEYS • Distinguishing renal cortex & medulla • To evaluate transplanted kidney PELVIS • Differentiates between Benign prostatic hyperplasia & prostatic carcinoma • Detects bladder tumours www.assignmentpoint.com
MEDIASTINUM, HILUM, LUNG • Assessing abnormalities • Respiratory gating HEART • Tomographic images of heart muscle, chambers, valvular structures • ECHO-PLANAR TECHNIQUE • Discrimination between infarcted, ischemic & normal myocardium BREAST • 3D-NMR & single-slice planar imaging in detecting breast abnormalities www.assignmentpoint.com
MUSCULO SKELETAL SYSTEM Demonstrates Osteo myelitis, tumor metastasis in vertebral bodies & pelvic bones Images of muscles, tendons, ligaments BLOOD VESSELS & FLOW Atherosclerotic vascular disease Assess blood flow in major vessels. INVIVO SPECTROSCOPY Chemical shift phenomenon Diagnosis of rare disease to inborn errors-Mc Ardle’s syndrome INVIVO Analysis of Bone flouride content. www.assignmentpoint.com
PUTTING NMR IMAGING INTO PERSPECTIVE • Eliminates risk of x-radiation • Excellent spatial & contrast resolution • Detecting diseases at earlier stages www.assignmentpoint.com
NMR IN PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH • Leading technology for 3-D structure determination of bio-macromolecules • Studying protein structure • SAR by NMR – Novel lead compounds • Chemical shift mapping – Structural information on the binding modes and site positions • Molecular dynamics, conformational analysis • SHAPES • NMR – SOLVE www.assignmentpoint.com
Structural genomics • Identifying gene products in disease • Targets of drug design. Development of Novel drug delivery systems Enhancing HTS assays • Thousands of compounds • Cryogenic NMR technology / cryoprobes www.assignmentpoint.com
NMR Nobel Prize Laureates • The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943, Ohostern, USA – Discovery of magnetic moment of proton • The Nobel Prizein Physics 1952- IsidorJ. Rafi,USA – Discovery of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision • The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 – Felix Bloch, USA and Edward M. Purcell, USA – Methodology of high resolution NMR. • The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 – Kurt Wuthrich, Switzerland – Determining 3-D Structure by NMR. • The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003 – Paul C. Lauterbur, USA and Peter Mans field, U.K. – Discoveries concerning MRI. www.assignmentpoint.com
