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Exemplary Statesman or Stealthy Tyrant?. Plutarch’s Life of Pericles. Periclēs turannos?. “A certain persuasion resided on his lips, such was his magic. And he alone of speakers could leave behind a sting in his listeners.” (Eupolis Demes fr. 102 PCG , on Pericles’ rhetoric)
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Exemplary Statesman or Stealthy Tyrant? Plutarch’s Life of Pericles
Periclēs turannos? “A certain persuasion resided on his lips, such was his magic. And he alone of speakers could leave behind a sting in his listeners.”(Eupolis Demes fr. 102 PCG, on Pericles’ rhetoric) “Athens was in name a democracy, but in fact was a government by its first man”(Thucydides on Pericles, History p. 57) “He came to hold more power in his hands than many a king and tyrant”(Plutarch’s Pericles p. 182) Plutarch's Life of Pericles
Agenda • Oral Report (cont’d) • Monoson on Thucydides • Recap and update. . . • Pericles, Democracy, Empire, Spin • Spin and Dialogue • Evaluative accent • Revalorization • Advisor or “Tyrant”? • The Pericles’ Debate Plutarch's Life of Pericles
Oral Report (cont’d) Monoson on Thucydides
Recap and update. . . Pericles, Democracy, Empire, Spin
Athenian Democracy ca. 485 “The polis . . . Areopagus… . . . of the Athenians”
Athenian Democracy 461 “The polis . . . . . . of the Athenians”
Spin and Dialogue • Evaluative accent • Revalorization Plutarch's Life of Pericles
argumentfromprobability polupragmosunēversusapragmosunē Spin in Thucydides … • Debate at Sparta • Corinthian • Athenian • Spartan • Archidamus • Stheneleidas • Pericles’ first speech • Funeral Oration • Pericles Last Speech Plutarch's Life of Pericles
Pericles’ and His Several Masks • Exemplary statesman? • Resourceful demagogue? • Stealth tyrant? Plutarch's Life of Pericles
Fit Man to Model. . . QUOTES ANALYTIC CONCEPTS Speech acts generally “Ideological chain” Spin evaluative accent revalorization Dahl’s criteria effective participation enlightened understanding Mass-elite dialectic Homonoia v. isēgoria Frank v. gratifying speech parrhēsia v. kolakeia • “Whenever I throw him at wrestling, he beats me by arguing that he was never down” • “He succeeded in bribing the masses wholesale” (ca. 462) • “The secret of [his] power depended … not merely on his oratory, but [on his proving] himself … indifferent to bribes” • “He was usually able to carry the people with him by rational argument and by persuasion” • “He was no longer so docile toward the people” (444-429) Plutarch's Life of Pericles
Advisor or “Tyrant”? The Pericles’ Debate
Journal & Class Debate RESOLVED: Periclean democracy was democratic in fact as well as in name.