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Joint Diseases 2

Joint Diseases 2. Categories of Joint Disease: ​--Traumatic (ruptured ligament/meniscus, osteochondral fracture ) ​ --Infectious (** gonococcal arthritis**) -- Degenerative (osteoarthritis) -- Rheumatic (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis ). Osteoarthritis

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Joint Diseases 2

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  1. Joint Diseases 2

  2. Categories of Joint Disease: • ​--Traumatic (ruptured ligament/meniscus, osteochondral fracture) • ​--Infectious (**gonococcal arthritis**) • --Degenerative (osteoarthritis) • --Rheumatic (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosingspondylitis).

  3. Osteoarthritis • This is the most common disability in the U.S. • OA is a failure of articular cartilage with a hypertrophic response of the underlying bone​(loss of joint space, increased bone density with bone spurs).

  4. --Primary OA is a genetic/familial weakness of cartilage or bones and gait. • --Secondary OA is from an old fracture or necrosis.

  5. Rheumatoid Arthritis • Synovitis with proliferation of the synovium (“pannus”)and an inflammatory cell infiltrate. • This destroys joints and produces subluxations.

  6. RA is an autoimmune disease in which the synovial collagen is the target. • It is also partly caused by RF-antibodies that deposit in the synovium and activate complement.

  7. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis is a self-limited RA preceded by fever and hepatosplenomegaly. • This is also autoimmune, but RF-antibodies are negative.

  8. Gout • Gout is often secondary to renal disease or chemotherapy (huge release of purines as​ neoplasmsare killed). • Almost all cases are an acute synovitis in the big toe M-P joint.

  9. Almost all males. • Chalkly nodules of uric acid (“tophi”) accumulate in the soft tissues and destroy bones​and ligaments.

  10. Pseudogout • Pseudogout is often caused by a familial defect in pyrophosphate metabolism. • It is caused by deposition of calcium pyrophosphate in joints. • These are cubic crystals. • Pseudogout often leads to osteoarthritis.

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