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Lecture 3: Teams. John Haymaker, PhD, AIA, LEED ap. Agenda. MACDADI-IN-AN-HOUR debrief. How things are:. Informal definition and management of project teams and goals. How things could be:. Goals Environmental Economic Equitable. Formal models of:. Teams Stakeholders
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Lecture 3: Teams John Haymaker, PhD, AIA, LEED ap
Agenda MACDADI-IN-AN-HOUR debrief How things are: Informal definition and management of project teams and goals. How things could be: Goals Environmental Economic Equitable Formal models of: Teams Stakeholders Designers Decision Makers But information is project-specific each team needs to define and manage Methodology: We explain methods (Represent, Define, Saturate, Partition, Weight, …) to make more comprehensive, transparent, systematic, and precise models of Teams and Goals:
In about three hours, we: Established teams, generated goals, prioritized goals, generated options, analyzed options, evaluated tradeoffs, selected an option. We also communicated all of this in formal models that can be broadly accessed and interpreted by a third party, and potetnially a computer.
Models • All Models are … Wrong Some Models are … Useful
How teams are: Decision Makers Decision Makers create the opportunity for designers to satisfy stakeholders, and select the options “We’re building a hospital at this site, even if the neighbors would be happier with having an amusement park.”
How teams are: Many Designers Participate Designers pose and analyze options that affect building performance “We engineer heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.”
How teams are: Many Stakeholders are affected Gatekeepers are individuals and teams with the power to constrain the range of viable options “You may not place waterless urinals in public bathrooms.”
Stakeholders “As a student, I want the building to be filled with natural light, but not to be so expensive that my tuition goes up” Stakeholders are groups of people the design might affect.
How teams are: Roles get muddled • People daily serve as stakeholder, designer, and owner, for many decisions. • People therefore: • Understandably try to serve in all roles during design • Aren’t the most expert at all roles • We require disciplineand guidance to work together best
Breakdown structures in VDC Breakdown structures • Hierarchical • Relate to each other • Types, than instances CEE 143/243
How Teams Could Be: Project Team models Project Team List (until saturated), Define (until clear), Group (until balanced), then Weight (until authentic) Improve the model iteratively
Saturate a List of Affected Team Members (Here Stakeholders)
Advanced Organizational Modeling Beyond the scope of MACDADI, Narratives, and this class
Organization analysis allows predicting the volume and distribution of hidden work: the coordination and rework that make projects late and participants overworked and frustrated Virtual Design Team: Big Ideas • How “good” is this Organization – Process design? • Simulation predictions: • Gantt chart • Risks, …
Model Programs Projects Tasks Organization Precedence Exception reporting Coordination Rework Meetings Conceptual underpinning: Model
The organization processes exceptions “Actors”: Do direct work Do hidden work Coordinate Rework Wait Tasks: Have direct work Have hidden work Project’s Process Information
To achieve feasible schedule Most staff available Full time Do 50% design review by meetings, vs. tasks Evaluation of Schedule goal
To achieve feasible budget Cases with acceptable schedule Evaluation of Budget goal
To achieve feasible organization process quality Cases with acceptable schedule Cases with acceptable budget Evaluation of risk goal
Backlog = work left to do at the end of the day Risks Schedule Coordination Product, process quality control Principals need to manage workload Facility Program
Shows evaluation of predicted behavior (finish date, revenue, cost, quality, backlog) | Goals Executive Dashboard
Any two goals look attainable Duration; Cost (staff); Organization process quality Organization Options
Possible Interventions – Change: Task definition Task precedence Task Start-to-start lag Actor size Actor – task assignment Actor skills Goals SimVision methods Cases
Design organizations as we design bridges Set objectives and measure performance Big idea: “Design organizations”
How goals are: Owner state goals (Cleary, 2004) Slide of Jack Cleary, Director of Project Management, Stanford University
Ecologically Enjoyed Equitably Enjoyed Economically Enjoyed Elegantly Enjoyed Clean Soil Clean Power Delightfully Diverse Clean Air Delightfully Safe Clean Water Delightfully Healthy Delightfully Just How goals are: Designers State Goals “Our goal is a delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world, with clean water, clean air, clean soil and clean power – economically, equitably, ecologically and elegantly enjoyed.”
How goals are: Public and Non-profits State Goals USGBC – LEED-NC 2.2 Sustainable Sites 14 Water Efficiency 5 Energy & Atmosphere 17 Materials and Resources 13 Indoor Environmental Quality 15 Innovation 5
How goals are: Theorists State Goals 1. Walkability2. Connectivity3. Mixed-Use & Diversity4. Mixed Housing5. Quality Architecture & Urban Design6. Traditional Neighborhood Structure 7. Increased Density8. Smart Transportation9. Sustainability10. Quality of Life • THE PRINCIPLES OF NEW URBANISM