AGENDA for February 21st

1. AGENDA for February 21st • Finish up with Newspaper articles • Review questions from Chapter one • Lecture on “The Crime Picture”

2. Chapter One • Question Five- What are the main components of the criminal Justice System? • How do they interrelate? • How might they conflict?

3. Chapter 2 The Crime Picture • Crime Data and Social Policy

4. How are statistics/data reported Is all crime documented? Which crimes are most often not reported? Misdemeanor vandalism Sexual assaults Domestic Violence

5. Crime Data and Social Policy • Crime statistics provide an overview of criminal activity • If used properly, a statistical picture of crime can serve as a powerful tool for creating social policy: • Get-tough on crime • Three-strikes law • Funding for more law enforcement • Task forces, equipment, etc.

6. The Collection of Crime Data • Nationally, crime statistics come from two major sources: • The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), UCR Uniform Crime Reporting Program also known today as the UCR/NIBRS Program, (National Incident-Based Reporting System). • National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). https://www.bjs.gov/ucrdata/abouttheucr.cfm https://www.bjs.gov/

7. THE UCR/NIBRS PROGRAM • 1930, Congress authorized the United States Attorney General to survey crime in America • The FBI was designated to implement the program • International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) was asked to create a national system of uniform crime statistics

8. FBI’s UCR • A statistical reporting program run by the FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Services • During its first year of operation, UCR received reports from 400 cities in 43 states • Today, approximately 18,000 law enforcement agencies provide crime information In terms of the most common local law enforcement agencies, that is sheriff and local police departments, the number is about 15,400. If you include every college campus security department, tribal land unit, sheriff office, local police department, state police, and every federal agency, you get to17,985

9. Original UCR Program • Crime Index originally consisted of seven (7) major offenses • Murder (Crime Index) • Forcible Rape • Robbery • Aggravated Assault • Burglary • Larceny-theft • Motor vehicle theft 1979, they added an eighth (8th) Offense ARSON

10. Let’s take a look at the #2 largest city in the country LAPD Crime Mapping http://www.lapdonline.org/crime_mapping_and_compstat

11. 2004, FBI discontinued crime index • FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Advisory Policy Board officially discontinued the Crime Index and directed the FBI to instead publish simple violent crime totals and property crime totals Remember, it was known as UCR Originally designed to permit comparisons over time through construction of a Crime Index NIBRS

12. UCR vs. NIBRS • There are a number of differences between the UCR and the NIBRS yet the most important difference is that UCR is basically a summary based reporting system while NIBRS reports criminal offenses at the incident level. The UCR collects data in a summary format also known as the aggregate or sum total methodology

13. 1988, NIBRS was initiated • NIBRS is not a separate report, rather it is a new methodology • Under the National Incident-Based Reporting System, offenses are being replaced with 22 general offenses • https://ucr.fbi.gov/nibrs/nibrs-user-manual

14. What are the 22?

15. National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS • An annual survey of selected American Households conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics

16. NCVS • The second major source of statistical data about crime • Based on victim self-reports rather than on police reports • Designed to estimate the occurrence of all crimes, whether reported or not

17. What one is more accurate? • While both have their limitations and therefore inaccuracies, one difference between the UCR and NCVS is that NCVS is far more likely to be inaccurate due to its methods of collecting data. The UCR is a cooperative effort for nation-wide law enforcement agencies to report on national crime statistics.

18. Is there really justice? • Are offenders punished for their crimes?

19. AGENDA FOR 2/26/19 • Questions regarding your written assignment due this Thursday • Lecture, “Crime Picture” data gathering, types of crimes

20. Some morning humor • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTcRRaXV-fg

21. Crime Justice Funnel https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=36

22. The FBI CRIME CLOCK • A useful diagrammatic tool • It distinguishes between two categories of offenses, violent crimes and property crimes di·a·gram·mat·ic

23. MURDER PART 1 CRIMES • The unlawful killing of one human being by another • the crime of unlawfully killing a person especially with malice aforethought previously in mind : PREMEDITATED, DELIBERATE https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/murder

24. MURDER cont’d

25. Freedom or safety • Dress code for bank customers? • Is this racial • Profiling? Page 32

26. Some examples https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bank-bans-hoodies-hats-customers-cry-racial-profiling-article-1.1447340

27. MURDER cont’d • 1st degree Murder Planned • May occur in sprees, (Washington DC Sniper) 13 victims, killing at two or more locations • Mass Murder, “The killing of four or more victims at one location, within on event

28. MURDER cont’d • Omar Mateen 49 at Orlando nightclub • Adam Lanza Sandy hook elementary • James Eagan Holmes 12 at Colorado movie theater • Timothy McVeigh Oklahoma City bombing 171 (19) people • Jeffrey Dahmer (sentenced to 936 years) 15 boys • Ted Bundy 30 + (actual, convicted of killing 3)

29. Voluntary Manslaughter • This is often called a "heat of passion" crime • The crime of killing another person unlawfully in circumstances that do not amount to murder (for example, without premeditation or as a result of mitigating circumstances such as diminished responsibility

30. Involuntary Manslaughter • The crime of killing another human being unlawfully but unintentionally • Involuntary manslaughter is "unintentional", because the killer did not intend for a death to result from their intentional actions.

31. Justifiable homicide • The killing of a person in circumstances which allow the act to be regarded in law as without criminal guilt.

32. RAPE • Unlawful sexual intercourse achieved through force and without consent. • Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person without the consent of the victim • Sexual battery-intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person, without his or her consent

33. DATE RAPE • The unlawful forced sexual intercourse with a person, without his or her consent, that occurs within the context of a dating relationship • DATE RAPE • ACQUAINTANCE RAPE

34. ROBBERY • The unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another by • FORCE • VIOLENCE • FEAR

35. Assault • Two Types • Simple (misdemeanor) Battery • Aggravated (Felony) • Simple assault • Pushing • Shoving • Aggravated weapon used or medical assistance is required

36. AGENDA FOR 2/28/19 • Written assignments • Review common mistakes • Complete Lecture on the Crime Picture • Begin Lecture on Criminal Law

37. Burglary • The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft

38. Larceny-theft • Larceny is another name for theft • Any dollar amount

39. Identify Theft

40. Motor Vehicle Theft

41. ARSON The Silver Fire destroyed some 60 structures near Banning Stephen Patrick Medlock, 53, is seen in a booking photo released April 17, 2018, by the Riverside County Fire Department.

42. PART II OFFENSES 2015 statistics are in the text, however, just want to show the part II offenses

43. DARK FIGURE OF CRIME • Crime that is not reported to the police and that remains unknown to officials

44. CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN • DATE RAPE • FAMILIAL INCEST • SPOUSAL ABUSE • STALKING-Repeated harassing and threatening behavior by one individual against another

45. CYBERSTALKING • The use of the Internet, e-mail, and other electronic communication technologies to stalk another person

46. CRIMES AGAINST THE ELDERLY

47. HATE CRIME Hate Crime A criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated in whole or in part, by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin

48. Special categories of crime • Stalking • Cyberstalking • Crime against the elderly • Hate Crime • Corporate and White-Collar Crime • Organized Crime • Gun Crime (the use of a gun during the commission of a crime) • Drug Crime • High Technology and Computer Crime

49. Review • UCR/NIBRS- Statistical reporting program run by the FBI • NCVS- An annual survey of selected American households, conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics

50. Crime Index, why discontinued? • The index was intended to be a tool for state to state and year to year comparisons via the use of crime rates • Index was misleading and research found that larceny-theft, carried undue weight and led to underappreciation of changes in the rates of more violent and serious crimes