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Chapter 22

Chapter 22. Test Review. Astronomers can measure distance by using ____________, which is an object's apparent shift in position when viewed from two different locations. parallax . A ____________ is a unit of measurement often used to describe how far away a star is from Earth.

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Chapter 22

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  1. Chapter 22 Test Review

  2. Astronomers can measure distance by using ____________, which is an object's apparent shift in position when viewed from two different locations. • parallax

  3. A ____________ is a unit of measurement often used to describe how far away a star is from Earth. light year

  4. The layers of the sun from the outside in are: • corona • chromosphere • photosphere • convective zone • radiative zone • core

  5. What is a solar flare? A sudden and tremendous eruption in the solar chromosphere.

  6. What is a sunspot? A region of the sun that appears dark because it is colder.

  7. The ____________ consists of ions that stream out from the Sun's corona solar wind

  8. What is happening in the sun's core? Nuclear fusion

  9. What layer of the sun do we see from earth? Photosphere

  10. A ____________________ is a cloud of gas that loops into the corona. They occur where magnetic fields connecting sunspots soar into the outer atmosphere. Prominence

  11. Which layer(s) of the Sun can only be seen during a total solar eclipse? Coronaand chromosphere

  12. A _______________ is a bright, violent eruption that can last for minutes or hours. flare

  13. Name this diagram Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

  14. What name is given to a new star formed when nuclear fusion takes place in the core of a nebula, causing gas to begin glowing Protostar

  15. Put these star in order from dimmest to brightest: white, orange, red, yellow, blue Red Orange Yellow White Blue

  16. Life Cycle of Stars Red Giant or Supergiant Nebula Main Sequence Star Small Mass Star Higher Mass Stars Complete this graphic organizer Planetary Nebula Supernova Outer layers blow away Medium Mass Star High Mass Star White Dwarf Neutron Star Black Hole

  17. Stars spend the majority of their life as a _________? Main sequence star

  18. Which main sequence star is the hottest? Blue

  19. Which main sequence star is the coldest? Red

  20. Which main sequence star is the brightest or most luminous? Blue

  21. Which main sequence star is the smallest? Red

  22. What do most stars in our galaxy become at the end of their lives after they leave the main sequence? White Dwarfs

  23. Put these main sequence stars in order from hottest to coldest:orange, blue, white, red, yellow Blue White Yellow Orange Red

  24. The stages of most stars life in order are: Protostar, Main Sequence, Red Giant

  25. What is the most massive star called? Red Supergiant

  26. A _______________ is a hot, dense, slowly cooling sphere of carbon. white dwarf

  27. Why does a brown dwarf form? Because the protostar isn't big enough to perform nuclear fusion in its core.

  28. What does a protostar have to do to become a star? Nuclear fusion in its core.

  29. What are the stages a supermassive star like Betelgeuse goes through in its lifetime, in order? Main Sequence, Red Supergiant, Supernova, Black Hole

  30. What are the stages a massive star like Rigel goes through in its lifetime, in order? Main Sequence, Red Supergiant, Supernova, Neutron Star

  31. What happens when the sun runs out of fuel? The core becomes unstable and collapses under its own weight.

  32. How many years ago did the sun form? 4.6 Billion

  33. What is a pulsar? A rotating neutron star.

  34. A neutron star is: an extremely dense, compact star composed primarily of neutrons.

  35. For a neutron star to form, how big must a star be? A star must be 5-10 times larger than the Sun but not as big as Betelgeuse

  36. What stage of a stars life is a neutron star. The end of its life.

  37. What happens to the star material that does not get condensed into the core? The matter from the star gets blasted into space.

  38. What happens when fusion stops in a star's core? The outside of the star swells into a red supergiant while the core condenses.

  39. What happens if the original star was so big that after the supernova, even the neutrons don't survive? A black hole is formed

  40. A supernova is: the explosion of a star.

  41. A collection of millions or billions of stars is known as a galaxy

  42. What are the three shapes galaxies take? spiral, elliptical, irregular

  43. What type of galaxy is shown in this picture? Spiral

  44. What type of galaxy is shown in this picture? elliptical

  45. Which type of galaxy contains a bulge in the center containing old stars and younger stars farther out in its disk? Spiral

  46. Which type of galaxy contains dust, gas and young stars? Irregular

  47. What type of galaxy is shown in this picture? irregular

  48. A ____________ is invisible because its gravity is so strong that no form of radiation can escape from it. black hole

  49. What are the very bright centers in distant galaxies? quasars

  50. Which type of galaxy brightest and made of only old stars? elliptical

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