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MUSC1010 – WEEK 6

MUSC1010 – WEEK 6. MIDI and Sound Synthesis. Controlling Track Levels (to prevent clipping)

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MUSC1010 – WEEK 6

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  1. MUSC1010 – WEEK 6 MIDI and Sound Synthesis

  2. Controlling Track Levels (to prevent clipping) Sometimes you may find that certain instruments (particularly those that use a sweeping filter or flanger) clip in the track volume stage, even when they are turned down considerably. In this instance you may consider adding a limiter to help control the peaks. Use the MAXIM plugin or the Digidesign Compressor/Limiter III, with the preset “Brickwall limiter”. Adjust the Threshold and Gain as necessary.

  3. Mixing Down • Select the amount of time that you want to mix down (use GRID mode, and enable minutes/seconds view) • File > Bounce > to Disk • Change the Format to “Stereo Interleaved” • Use File Type “WAV” • 16 bit, 44.1kHz • Convert After or Bounce

  4. Myspace Music

  5. Subtractive Synthesis EMS Synthi100

  6. UCSC Moog modular system Moog demo LP

  7. Types of waveform Noise

  8. Filter controls harmonic content Overtones and Harmonics are “waves within waves”. They are of greater frequency than the fundamental frequency of the wave. Different harmonic content is why a sine wave at 440Hz sounds so different to a sawtooth wave at 440Hz. Harmonics are generally the integer multiples of the fundamental frequency of the wave (2f, 3f, 4f etc.) Most common type is the Increasing the resonance setting accentuates frequencies around the filter cutoff point

  9. Amplifier controls the dynamics of sound production via a volume envelope The variables of the envelope are (A) Attack (D) Decay (S) Sustain (R) Release By varying the Attack, Decay, Sustain and release you can imitate the sound production of various instruments;

  10. It is possible to use a filter and an envelope to create percussion sounds. A snare sound can be created by using a short, sharp envelope on white noise. A kick drum sound can be created by combining a very short, low-pass-filtered white noise attack, with a low frequency sine wave.

  11. Fairlight CMI “Digital Sampling Instrument”

  12. Roland TR 808 Drum Machine Beastie Boys – Brass Monkey Afrika Bambaata – Planet Rock Kelis - Bossy

  13. Clavia - Nord Lead

  14. FOURIER It was the mathematician Jean Baptiste Fourier (1768-1830) that first postulated that a complex waveform could be expressed as the sum of a series of sinusoidal waves. The mathematics behind modern day digital equalizers is heavily rooted in Fourier’s theory. Two applets that demonstrate Fourier’s theory; http://www.falstad.com/fourier/ http://www.nst.ing.tu-bs.de/schaukasten/fourier/en_idx.html Polyphony is the number of simultaneous notes that can be sounded A monophonic sound (polyphony set to 1) is usually used for bass lines. If you are using a monophonic sound the Portamento setting determines the amount of “slide” or “glide” in pitch occurs between successive notes. • The Amplitude Envelope • What settings would you use to imitate the sound of; • an acoustic piano? • a church organ? • a violin? • A harpsichord?

  15. ADDITIONAL SOUND SAMPLES You are invited to explore the extensive collection of free sound samples available at www.freesound.org. This is an excellent source of sound samples for non-commercial purposes. If you use one of these samples in assignment 3, please acknowledge the sample's author in the "comments" section for that track.

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