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FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS for Lancashire County Council .

FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS for Lancashire County Council. Presented by Mike Turner ECA Fire and Security Sector. AGENDA. UNDERSTANDING OF: Changes to BS5839 pt 1 :2002 Cable grades and requirements Detection selection Detector coverage

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FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS for Lancashire County Council .

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  1. FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMSfor Lancashire County Council. Presented by Mike Turner ECA Fire and Security Sector

  2. AGENDA • UNDERSTANDING OF: • Changes to BS5839 pt 1 :2002 • Cable grades and requirements • Detection selection • Detector coverage • Differences between Non addressable and Addressable • EN54 / BS5839 2002 • False alarm management • Mains fire Alarms • Warning for people with impaired hearing and sight • Certification for: • Design, Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance

  3. Change to BS 5839 PT 1: 2002

  4. CATEGORIES • Categories previously known as Types • Designer alone can not select Categories • Risk Assessment End user building Control / Fire Officer Designer Insurance

  5. CATEGORIES M and L1 to L4(Previously known as Types) AFD on escape routes should be optical smoke detection or CO mix

  6. CATEGORY L5 –Fire safety engineering • For category L5, the person or organisation doing the risk assessment takes on the legal responsibility • This requires serious design ability, risk assessment procedures, knowledge of fire safety engineering, professional indemnity insurance

  7. CATEGORIES P1 and P2

  8. COMMUNICATIONS WITHTHE FIRE SERVICE • Designer to ascertain if automatic comms required • For Cat P, Communications recommended unless continuously occupied • BS 5979 for ARC • Communication unit to be protected by AFD • Communication cables routed through: • Areas of low fire risk; OR • Areas protected by AFD or extinguishing; OR • Using fire resistant cables

  9. SITING THE Control and Indicating Equipment • Consult user / fire authorities • Near entrance – repeaters may be required at other entrances – consultation • Adequate light – normal and emergency • Low ambient noise – fault buzzer • Low fire hazard • AFD – unless continually occupied or negligible fire hazard • Accessible for servicing if necessary.

  10. VARIATIONS from BS 5839-1 • Variations were previously deviations • Not an excuse for ignoring non-compliances to BS 5839-1 • Most jobs will not need variations • Variations apply to intentional and appropriate aspects, following a risk assessment • Features found by installer not known to designer should be documented for action / agreement • All variations to be agreed with interested parties • owner/user/client/insurer/fire authority

  11. Z4 Z5 Zone 3 Z3 Zone 2 Z2 Zone 1 Z1 EITHER OR PREFERABLE MCP ZONES - LANDINGS • MCP in accommodation zone, not in stairway zone, at that level (in main area or on landing)

  12. MANUAL CALL POINTS • BS EN 54-11, single action, RED • Breaking frangible element operates switch • All the call points must be similar • do not mix hammer and thumb push types • Use plastic element (not glass) in food prep areas if requested (consultation) • If necessary, use drip proof, waterproof or hazardous area types • Some shops do not have public call points

  13. Up to 90m Escape route Landing Stairway Exit 1.4m 15mm projection Final exit to open air SITING manual call points

  14. Stairway Paint booth Travel distance up to 45m 45m 30m SITING manual call points

  15. 30dBA 20dBA ALARM warning devices 125dBA • Large qty of low power, not small qty high power • 65dBA generally, or 5dBA above ambient noise (30s) • 75dBA to awake at bed head • 120dBA max • 500 TO 1000Hz • 20 to 30dBA loss at doors 95dBA 85dBA

  16. 65dBA CORE AREA, IGNORE 0.5m BORDER ROOM ALARMS • 65dBA is the general recommendation • 2 or 3dBA is not noticeable to the human ear • May be relaxed to 60dBA: • stairways, offices up 60sq m, limited points • Similar sounds, i.e. not mixing bells/sounders

  17. 150mm min 2.1mmin height VISUAL ALARMS • Visual alarms if ambient noise more than 90dBA, or ear protection is worn • Readily visible, different from other visual indicators • 30 to 100 flashes per minute • Preferably red light flash • Attracts attention, but not glare, min 2.1m Height and no closer than 150mm to ceiling

  18. Stairs,60dBA Stairs,60dBA Meeting rooms, 60dBA Bedrooms, 75dBA general quiet offices, greater than 60sq m area, 65dBA Press shop, 95dBA noise, 65dBA + VISUAL Machine shop, 78dBA noise, 83dBA External audio/visual for Category P Limited area 60dBA min FIRE ALARMS DEVICES

  19. Cable grades and requirements

  20. WIRING: fire resistance • All cables for critical signal paths and mains supply should be fire resistant for 30 minuets • (Fire shock and water spray resistant tests) • Specification for cable performance Clause 26.2.d • GRADES OF FIRE RESISTANT CABLE • Most premises – Standard grade, BS 7629 • soft skinned (modified plastic cable) • Higher risk – Enhanced grade, MI or equivalent • 30m high, long evacuation or 4 stage evacuation • or as required by risk assessment • LCC stipulate MICC for all Installations

  21. WIRING: requirements • Mechanical protection – Below 2m • MI or steel wire armoured self protected • 1sq mm minimum • Segregation from other services for EMC • Same colour cable throughout – red preferred • Integrity not compromised by fixings or joints • joints minimised • junction boxes labelled “fire alarm”

  22. Detector selection

  23. Heat Point, fixed, rate of rise Linear heat sensing cable Smoke Point, ionisation, optical Linear optical beam Aspirating, sampling points – holes in pipe Video, image processing Combustion gas, CO Incomplete combustion, not smoke detection Flame Infra-red Ultra-violet Multi-sensor e.g. heat and optical smoke TYPES OF FIRE DETECTOR

  24. T deg C fixed heat det thresholds 80 70 60 RoR fixed CHOICE OF FIRE DETECTION • Speed – To suit fire hazard – min false alarms • Heat – alcohol fire - good immunity to false alarms, easy maintenance, RoR most sensitive • Ionisation smoke – small invisible particles • Opt smoke – visible smoke, escape routes • Multi-sensor fire detector • Flame – specialist e.g. atria, range see manf. data

  25. Atmosfire ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTION ...it actively draws a continuous air sample through a sampling pipe network Sampling Pipes End Sampling Cap Pipes Air Samples

  26. Rx Tx Optical beam Tx/Rx reflector X Samplingpoints (holes) Aspiratingdetector CHOICE OF FIRE DETECTION • Opt beam – large areas, high level • Aspirating – aesthetics, high level, vert pipes

  27. Detector coverage

  28. SITING DETECTORS • Vertical structures: • Enclosed stairways L1,L2,L3,L4,P1,P2 • Top of stairway • Each main landing • Flue-like structures Lifts, Risers etc L1,L2,L3,P1 • Top • Within 1.5m of opening e.g.lift shaft

  29. SITING DETECTORS - VOIDS • Voids, smoke or heat to suit risk • If appropriate to Category,L1,L2,L3,P1 • all voids more than 800mm deep • Floor or ceiling voids • Consider for smaller voids if risk assessment justifies • Lantern lights (sky lights)more than 800mm deep 800mm or more Less than 800mm Data and power cables 800mmor more

  30. COVERAGE for point detectors • Spacings specified in BS 5839 part 1 (2002) • Any point in a room to a detector should be less than: • 7.5m for smoke detectors • 5.3m for heat detectors • Escape route up to 2m wide • Smoke detectors up to 15m apart, 7.5m to end • Corridor up to 2m wide – (Category P only) • Heat detectors up to 10.6m apart, 5.3m to end

  31. CORRIDOR 5m WIDEdetectors on centre line OPEN AREA 7.5m 7.5m 5m 14.1m Up to 2m wide corridor area 10.6 x 10.6= 112sq m 5.3m 10.6m 7.5m 15m 7.5m SMOKE DETECTOR: spacing

  32. CORRIDOR 5m WIDEdetectors on centre line OPEN AREA 5.3m 5.3m 5m 9.4m Up to 2m wide corridor area 7.5 x 7.5= 56sq m 3.8m 7.5m 5.3m 10.6m 5.3m HEAT DETECTOR: spacing

  33. DETECTION IN ROOMS Wall mounting 150mm to 300mm below ceiling L3 escape route 150 300 Abovedoor only Green = o / k Red = not allowed. Wall mountedL3. Ceiling mountedL1 to L3.

  34. DETECTORS: partitions and walls 500mm minimum if = wall ceiling ceiling less than 300mm = wall 500mm minimum clear space more than 300mm ignore 500mm minimum from wall wall floor

  35. Differences between Non addressableandAnalogue Addressable.

  36. RADIAL SOUNDER WIRING (FIRE RESISTANT) Single fault limit 2000sq m Z1 RADIAL CIRCUIT WIRING IN FIRE RESISTANT CABLE Non-addressable panel (P) Z2 Z3 Ancillary (door retainer) TECHNOLOGY : non-addressable

  37. All loop wiring in fire resistant cable Max. loop area 10,000sq.m 4 5 1 2 3 6 I/F AddressableorAnalogue addressable panel I/F 7 8 9 11 12 10 I/F 17 16 15 14 13 18 Ancillary I/F 19 TECHNOLOGY: Addressable or Analogue addressable

  38. TECHNOLOGY : states Analogue addressable Non-addressable Detector output Alarm Pre-alarm Normal Fire state Normal state Fault time Panel indication Panel indication Detector indication Detector indication

  39. ZONES 1 2 3 4 TECHNOLOGY : comparisons Analogue addressable Non-addressable day/night sensitivity --------------- NO ------------------------------------------ YES Disablement ----------------------- ------------------------ by zones by zones only individual detectors, zones or areas • Location--------------- • single fire ZONES ZONES ZONE 1, ADDRESS 33 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 ROOM 127, FLOOR 1 ZONE 2, ADDRESS 60 • multiple firesdifferent zones ROOM 227, FLOOR 2 scroll • multiple firessame zone ZONE 1, ADDRESS 33 ROOM 127, FLOOR 1 scroll

  40. TECHNOLOGY : features • Cost • non-addressable is lower cost for smaller systems • Faults, e.g. detector removed • Addressable or analogue addressable, the address is identified • Non-addressable, identified to radial circuits (zone 0nly) • Faulty detector or incorrect type of device • A-A identifies address - not in non-addressable • Wiring fault • Non-addressable, radial circuit • Addressable identifies between devices if sequential • Servicing • Contamination can be displayed on A-A panel

  41. STANDARDS

  42. Some legislation updates… • BS5839 PT 1 :1988 • WILL BE WITHDRAWN ON 15 JULY 2003 • ALLSERVICING, DESIGNS AND INSTALLATIONS WILL BE TO THE NEW BS 5839PT 1:2002 FROM 15/7/2003.

  43. AlarmsBS EN 54-3 Interface CIEBS EN 54-2 POWER SUPPLYBS EN 54-4 Linear heatdet draftBS 5839-7 SYSTEM COMPONENTS Voice alarm systemsBS 5839-8 Heat detBS EN 54-5 Smoke detBS EN 54-7 Optical beam detBS 5839-5pr EN 54-12 MCPBS EN 54-11 Flame detBS EN 54-10

  44. False Alarm Management

  45. FALSE ALARM MANAGEMENT • Consultation with all parties • Appoint a responsible person - RP • Supervise painting, decorating, hot work • Record and compensate for any change of use • Keep fire alarm logbook up to date • Agree an acceptable rate of false alarms (e.g. less than 1 false alarm per 100 detectors per annum) • Ensure service and maintenance carried out • If no effort to limit – system is not compliant

  46. CATEGORIES OF FALSE ALARM • False alarm categories: • Equipment false alarms • Faults in equipment • Unwanted alarms(equipment works perfectly) • Fire-like phenomena, e.g. smoking, burning toast, hot work, building work • Malicious false alarms • False alarms with good intent

  47. fumes steam tobacco smoke; dust insects aerosol spray high air velocities hot work bonfires incense candles electromagnetic interference high humidity water ingress temperature changes accidental damage CAUSES OF FALSE ALARMS

  48. FALSE ALARMS (SEC35.2.6) • Systems with 50 or more devices require a 1 week soak test (defined by the Designer and built into the Tender). • If it False Alarm’s then identify the Alarm, rectify it and start the 1 week soak test again ------- • Until successful the system should not be regarded as an operational means of giving warning of a fire in the building. During this soak all MAC’S should bear an indication that it is not to be used. When all clear carry out the final hand over.

  49. Mains fire Alarms and the Law

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