Gerund or Infinitive?

1. Gerund or Infinitive?

2. We select the –ing from.... • To create a NOUN from a verb to express a general idea(Subject of the sentence in most cases): • “Paying attention is essential in class”

3. After any preposition: • “I am looking forward to hearing from you”

4. After certain verbal expressions (can’t stand, can’t help, be/get used to, don’t mind/would mind, it’s no use, it’s not worth): • “I can’t help getting angry when pupils speak in class”

5. As Direct Object of a list of verbs (continue, enjoy, like, love, prefer, suggest, recommend, etc...): • “I prefer going to the beach”

6. To form gerunds, usethe base form + ing(don’t’ forget the rules for spelling of ing form of verbs)I enjoy learning EnglishTo form negative gerunds, use not + gerundNot speaking English well is my biggest problem in this country.

7. List of verbs followed by –ing form

8. We select Infinitive.... • To form the subject of a verb that refers to something specific: • “To answer this question is essential”

9. After some adjectives and/or adverbs: • “I am happy to announce my daughter’s wedding” • “The wall was too high to jump for young children”

10. After the Indirect Object of certain verbs (advise, invite, warn, teach, ...): • “The Headmaster warned the student not to do that again”

11. Verbs of perception(hear, feel,...) ; LET; MAKE  INF without TO: • “I heard him enter the house”; “Let me explain”; “She made me do it”.

12. To form infinitives useto + base form of the verbI want to danceTo form negative infinitives useNot + infinitiveHe decided not to go to the party.

13. List of verbs followed by Infinitive

14. Verbs followed by Object and an Infinitive:

15. Verbs that can be followed by both “INFINITIVE” or “-ING” • No change in meaning: begin, propose, forbid, intend, start.. • With a difference meaning: REMEMBER, FORGET, REGRET, STOP, TRY... • REMEMBER/FORGET/REGRET: • + INFINITIVE Future • + -ing  Past

16. Examples: • “I remember attending to dance classes when I was a child” • “Remember to revise the questions before handing out the exam” • “My grandmother forgot to lock the door when she left the house” • “I repeated the activity because I forgot doing it last week”

17. Verbs that can be followed by both “INFINITIVE” or “-ING” • STOP: • + ING don’t do this any longer • + INFINITIVE stop doing something to start a new action • Examples: • “You have to stop writing at 10 o’clock.” • “After five hours of hard work we stopped to have a rest”

18. TRY: • +ING  “experiment” • + INFINITIVE  “make the effort” • Examples: • “I was trying to open the door but I couldn’t.” • “Why don’t you try using this key?”

19. Verbs that are followed by a noun phrase + infinitivecan also be followed by a gerund.The gerund makes it general and the infinitive make specific the person indicated.Theyallow smokingin this building.Theyallowed me to smokein thehouse.

20. These verbs are:adviseallowencouragepermitrequireurge

21. Both gerunds and infinitives can occur in the perfect formhaving doneto have doneIt is used to indicate that the activity is in the pastWe appreciate having heard her sing.We’re fortunate to have heard her sing

22. Havemakeletare causative verbs. They cause someone to do something.They are always followed by a noun phrase + base form of verb.Do not use an infinitive after these verbs.She made mefall.