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THE ROCK CYCLE

THE ROCK CYCLE. Important terms. Weathering. The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces There are two big categories of weathering. Mechanical Weathering. Mechanical Weathering. Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means (no change to the composition of the rock). Ice.

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THE ROCK CYCLE

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  1. THE ROCK CYCLE Important terms

  2. Weathering • The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces • There are two big categories of weathering

  3. Mechanical Weathering

  4. Mechanical Weathering • Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means (no change to the composition of the rock)

  5. Ice • Water that seeps into a rock crack freezes and expands, breaking the rock http://www.phschool.com/atschool/science_activity_library/weathering_freezing.html

  6. Abrasion • The action of rocks and sediments grinding against each other that is caused by: i).Wind blowing sand/sediments across rocks ii). Water causes rocks to bump along each other in a river or stream iii). Gravity causing a landslide

  7. Plants • Plant roots enter cracks in rocks and push the rock apart over time

  8. Animals • Creatures like earthworms, ants, and moles move sediments around, exposing them to the weather

  9. Chemical Weathering

  10. Chemical Weathering Mammoth Cave is the longest cave system in the world with over 390 miles of known passageways • Chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into new substances • This type of weathering is caused by: http://www.mammothcave.com/images/Frozen-Niagra-3.jpg

  11. Water • Over time, water gradually dissolves many minerals

  12. Acid • Acid precipitation = rain that contains acids due to pollution; breaks down rocks • Acid in ground water = some locations have weak acids in groundwater that canbreak down limestone and form caves • Acid in living things = lichens produce acids that break down rocks http://schmidling.com/lichen2.jpg

  13. Air • Oxygen in the air can cause rocks containing iron to form rust (iron oxide)

  14. EROSION • The breakdown and transport (movement) of sediments, rocks, and minerals • Erosion is caused by 4 major factors: http://mamontoff.org/SCIENCE%20erosion%20-%20water%20-%20coast.jpg

  15. Wind • The blowing of sediments (typically small particles like sand) • Can cause sand dunes to form

  16. The Power of Wind

  17. Water • Ocean waves change the coastline • Streams and rivers move sediments

  18. The Power of Rivers

  19. The Power of Waves

  20. Ice • Glaciers (enormous mass of moving ice) can move large amounts of rock

  21. The Power of Glaciers (Ice)

  22. Gravity • Can cause rocks to shift in landslides or more slowly anywhere the ground isn’t level

  23. DEPOSITION • Takes place when the sediments moved by erosion finally settle • Typically occurs on the ocean bottom, a lake bottom, or the base of a hill/mountain http://bgrg.org/pages/education/alevel/coldenvirons/Supraglaciallake.jpg

  24. DEPOSITION http://memberfiles.freewebs.com/42/50/74975042/photos/Exploration-and-Production/Sediment%20Deposition.jpg

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