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17 cm 6 mm

17 cm 6 mm. Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletii Habitat: Rocky reef/kelp forests. Partial migration offshore during winter? Carnivorous predator and scavenger.

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17 cm 6 mm

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  1. 17 cm 6 mm

  2. Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletii Habitat: Rocky reef/kelp forests. Partial migration offshore during winter? Carnivorous predator and scavenger. Radula at end of feeding proboscis used to drill through animal shells (e.g., snails, bivalves, etc.) and excavate concealed prey (e.g., tube worms).

  3. Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletii Preyed upon by… Sea otters Octopus Lobster? Elasmobranchs (bat ray, sharks)?? Their shell is remarkably thick!

  4. Monterey, CA

  5. Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletii Spring/summer breeding season. Mating & internal fertilization. Females lay 100+ egg capsules/year. Capsule = 1000+ eggs. Larvae (veliger) hatch out of capsules after 30 days. Lecithotropic veliger in plankton for ~50 days. Mean Dd ~ 100 km (Siegel et al. 2003; U = 0; σu = 10cm/sec) Settlement cue not known. Reproductively mature after ~6 years.

  6. Juveniles: Found in highly varying densities and across a wide range of depth gradients within the nearshore system.

  7. Economic value: Excellent for lawn art (match gnomes beautifully!)

  8. Economic value: Focus of developing fishery (by-catch in lobster traps) Sold to US domestic Asian market (mostly in LA) Mean price = $1.43/kg = ~$0.15/whelk Aseltine-Neilson et al. 2006

  9. Expansion since ~1980 RANGE Bahia Asuncion

  10. Density: mainland > islands. Baja highest. Northern Channel Islands Catalina Island (southern)

  11. POPULATION GENETICS STUDY COI: Cytochrome Oxidase I gene in mtDNA mtDNA: circular, ~16K basepairs long COI sequence: 528 basepairs long One sequence per individual adult N = 15 – 35 samples/site N = 16 sites, spanning entire range COI

  12. COI sampling sites Expansion since ~1980 Bahia Asuncion

  13. Diversity SiteHap Nuc MA 0.9076 0.0034 WC 0.9048 0.0026 DC 0.9191 0.0044 HR 0.9181 0.0042 RR 0.8807 0.0038 GI 0.8762 0.0032 YB 0.7664 0.0027 NR 0.8246 0.0031 IV 0.8840 0.0030 SV 0.7966 0.0030 PV 0.8891 0.0035 DP 0.9025 0.0036 PL 0.8723 0.0033 SQ 0.8123 0.0028 TT 0.7277 0.0025 BA 0.8303 0.0034 Range expansion Bahia Asuncion

  14. Regionwide genetic structure statistics Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA): Fst = 0.012 (P = 0.001) Pairwise differences between sites: Fst range: 0.02 – 0.05 (P < 0.05) Bonferroni: (120 pairs)(0.05) = 6 expected by chance. 19 found. Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance (SAMOVA): Fst = 0.02 – 0.03 (P = 0.002)

  15. Genetic isolation by geographic distance: what to expect No correlation Non-equilibrium No correlation? stirred Positive correlation Stepping stone Equilibrium

  16. P = 0.14 (two-sided; R2 = 0.05; n = 16 sites; Mantel test)

  17. P = 0.16 (two-sided; R2 = 0.5; n = 4 sites; Mantel test)

  18. P = 0.14 (two-sided; R2 = 0.05; n = 13 sites; Mantel test)

  19. P = 0.23 (two-sided; R2 = 0.05; n = 10 sites; Mantel test)

  20. Doh!

  21. Regional equilibrium Expanded range Regional equilibrium Expanded range Regional non-equilibrium Relative dominance of gene flow vs. genetic drift varies with scale At large scales, drift > Expansion, followed by isolation (Hutchinson & Templeton 1999)

  22. Genetic isolation by geographic distance: what to expect IBD signal only present at small scales Non-equilibrium stirred Stepping stone Periodic regional disturbance due to el Nino Equilibrium

  23. Sill in IBD curve reached at ~125 km

  24. Fst = 0.0041*Ln(distance) – 0.0112 R2 = 0.07

  25. P = 0. (two-sided; R2 = ; n = sites; Mantel test)

  26. P = 0.04 (two-sided; R2 = 23; n = 6 sites; Mantel test)

  27. P = 0.14 (two-sided; R2 = 0.77; n = 4 sites; Mantel test)

  28. Slope = ~0.01 – ~0.5 Fst/1000 km

  29. Palumbi 2003

  30. 12 km site aggregate Pairwise Fst Kij dispersal connectivity

  31. P = 0.13

  32. P = 0.11

  33. 1 MA 2 DC 3 HR 4 RR 5 GI 6 YB 7 IV 8 SV 9 PV 10 DP 11 PL 12 SQ 13 TT 14 BA

  34. 1 MA 2 DC 3 HR 4 RR 5 GI 6 YB 7 IV 8 SV 9 PV 10 DP 11 PL 12 SQ 13 TT 14 BA Fst = 0.03 (P = 0.001)

  35. June 2000 SST (Ocean Data Center, UCSC) TT BA

  36. 1 MA 2 DC 3 HR 4 RR 5 GI 6 YB 7 IV 8 SV 9 PV 10 DP 11 PL 12 SQ 13 TT 14 BA Fst = 0.03 (P = 0.001)

  37. 1 MA 2 DC 3 HR 4 RR 5 GI 6 YB 7 IV 8 SV 9 PV 10 DP 11 PL 12 SQ 13 TT 14 BA Fst = 0.014 (P = 0.001)

  38. 1 MA 2 DC 3 HR 4 RR 5 GI 6 YB 7 IV 8 SV 9 PV 10 DP 11 PL 12 SQ 13 TT 14 BA Fst = 0.013 (P = 0.001)

  39. Don’t forget: Giacomo’s surf perch

  40. Density: mainland > islands. Baja highest. Northern Channel Islands Catalina Island (southern)

  41. Thanks!

  42. SAMOVA geographic delineations 1 MA 2 DC 3 HR 4 RR 5 GI 6 YB 7 IV 8 SV 9 PV 10 DP 11 PL 12 SQ 13 TT 14 BA

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