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The Solar System

The Solar System. December 13, 2010. Warm up (Review). What determines the composition of a mineral? What is cleavage? What are the three main types of chemical bonds? What is the central region of an atom? Why are fossils usually found in a desert?. Objectives. TODAY I WILL BE ABLE TO:

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The Solar System

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  1. The Solar System December 13, 2010

  2. Warm up (Review) • What determines the composition of a mineral? • What is cleavage? • What are the three main types of chemical bonds? • What is the central region of an atom? • Why are fossils usually found in a desert?

  3. Objectives • TODAY I WILL BE ABLE TO: • Differentiate between the rotation and revolution of the earth. • Explain how the tilt in the earth’s axis creates seasons. • Describe the big bang theory

  4. Key Points • The Big Bang Theory states that the Universe was created in a precise moment in time. • The Big Bang is a theory, and there are other theories that attempt to explain the origin of the Universe. • The earth’s rotation is the turning or spinning of a body on its axis. • The earth’s rotation is the movement responsible for day and night. • The earth’s tilted axis causes seasons. • Earth’s movement, or orbit around the sun is known as REVOLUTION.

  5. ORIGIN OF MODERN ASTRONOMY

  6. Astronomy is the science that studies the universe. • Aristotle • Concluded that the earth was round because it had a curved shadow. • Geocentric view – the Earth was the center of the universe • Geocentric Model • the Earth was a sphere that stayed motionless at the center of the solar system. The sun, moon, and known planets revolved around the Earth. Supported by Aristotle, believed for 2000 years!

  7. Heliocentric Model • the sun was at the center of the universe. The Earth and other planets orbit the sun. Supported by Aristarchus. • Copernicus concluded that Earth is a planet. The sun is at the center of the solar system and the planets orbit the sun. In the Copernican model, the orbits of planets were perfect circles.

  8. Motions of the Earth • Rotation – turning on axis, results in day and night and defines the length of a day • Noon to noon is 24 hours (solar day) • Revolution – moving around a point in space, defines the year, changes what constellations we can see in the night sky • Precession - Earth’s axis slowly but continuously points in different directions.

  9. Earth’s Tilt causes the Seasons • June 21-22 Summer solstice • March 20 or 21 or September 22-23 are the equinoxes (equal length of day and night) • December 21-22 Winter solstice • The solar system is rotating in the arms of the Milky Way galaxy at 250 km/second • The entire galaxy is also moving. The Milky Way galaxy is moving toward Andromeda

  10. Check Ins – Use complete sentences • Explain the Geocentric model of the Universe. Explain the Heliocentric model of the Universe. Which model do we know to be true? • “Earth’s axis slowly but continuously points in different directions” – this describes which movement of the earth? • Describe earth’s rotation and what it affects. • What movement of the earth creates seasons?

  11. Origins of the Universe • Throughout history there have been many theories about how the universe formed. • The Big Bang Theory • Today we are going to read about “The Big Bang” theory. • As you read, answer the questions on your worksheet.

  12. Origins of the Universe • What do you think? • Write a paragraph (5-8 sentences) explaining whether or not you support the Big Bang Theory. • Use evidences that you’ve read. • Use persuasive language.

  13. Work Time • During this time you should be: • Working on Solar System Vocabulary (due Fri) • Working on Brochures • Working on make-up work for progress report on Wednesday.

  14. Brownie Ticket • The turning or spinning of a body on its axis is known as: __________________________ • What movement is responsible for day and night? • Rotation • Revolution • Precision • Apogee • What is responsible for the earth’s seasons? • Earth’s rotation • Precession • Earth’s tilted axis • Earth’s distance from the sun

  15. Warm up (Ch 3 and SS Day 1) • Starting with Magma, explain the rock cycle. • According to the theory of plate tectonics, what is divided into plates? • At what type of boundary is new ocean crust formed? • Describe the Precession movement of the earth. • Earth’s rotation makes ________________.

  16. Objectives • TODAY I WILL BE ABLE TO: • Compare and contrast Jovian planets to Terrestrial planets.

  17. Key Points • The terrestrial planets are planets that are small and rocky. • The Jovian planets are the huge gas giants.

  18. The Solar System  The terrestrial planets are planets that are small and rocky—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.  The Jovian planets are the huge gas giants—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

  19. Orbits of the Planets

  20. The Solar System  Size is the most obvious difference between the terrestrial and Jovian planets.  Density, chemical makeup, and rate of rotation are other ways in which the two groups of planets differ.

  21. Scale of the Planets

  22. The Terrestrial Planets  Mercury is the innermost and smallest planet; it is hardly larger than Earth’s moon.  Surface Features • Mercury has cratered highlands, much like the moon, and vast smooth.  Surface Temperatures • Mercury has the highest temperature extremes of any planet.

  23. Mercury’s Surface

  24. The Terrestrial Planets  Venus is similar to Earth in size, density, mass, and location in the solar system. It has been referred to as “Earth’s twin.”  Surface Features • Venus is covered in thick clouds that visible light cannot penetrate. • About 80 percent of Venus’s surface consists of plains covered by volcanic flow.

  25. Venus

  26. The Terrestrial Planets Mars • The Martian atmosphere has only 1 percent of the density of Earth’s. • Although the atmosphere of Mars is very thin, extensive dust storms occur and may cause the color changes observed from Earth.  Surface Features • Most Martian surface features are old by Earth standards. The highly cratered southern hemisphere is probably 3.5 billion to 4.5 billion years old.

  27. Mars

  28. Water on Mars

  29. The Outer Planets  Jupiter has a mass that is 2 1/2 times greater than the mass of all the other planets and moons combined.  Structure of Jupiter • Jupiter’s hydrogen-helium atmosphere also contains small amounts of methane, ammonia, water, and sulfur compounds.

  30. Jupiter and the Great Red Spot

  31. The Outer Planets  Jupiter: Giant Among Planets • Jupiter’s satellite system, including the 28 moons discovered so far, resembles a miniature solar system.  Jupiter’s Rings • Jupiter’s ring system was one of the most unexpected discoveries made by Voyager 1.

  32. Jupiter’s Largest Moons

  33. The Outer Planets • Saturn: The Elegant Planet • The most prominent feature of Saturn is its system of rings.  Features of Saturn • Saturn’s atmosphere is very active, with winds roaring at up to 1500 kilometers per hour. • Large cyclonic “storms” similar to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, although smaller, occur in Saturn’s atmosphere.

  34. Cassini Approaching Saturn

  35. The Outer Planets  Saturn’s Rings • Until the discovery that Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune have ring systems, this phenomenon was thought to be unique to Saturn.  Saturn’s Moons • Saturn’s satellite system consists of 31 moons. • Titan is the largest moon, and it is bigger than Mercury.

  36. Saturn’s Rings

  37. The Outer Planets • Uranus: The Sideways Planet • Instead of being generally perpendicular to the plane of its orbit like the other planets, Uranus’s axis of rotation lies nearly parallel with the plane of its orbit.

  38. Uranus

  39. 23.3 The Outer Planets •  Neptune: The Windy Planet • Winds exceeding 1000 kilometers per hour encircle Neptune, making it one of the windiest places in the solar system.

  40. Neptune

  41. Minor Members of the Solar System • Asteroids: Microplanets • An asteroid is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a few hundred kilometers to less than a kilometer.  Most asteroids lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

  42. Minor Members of the Solar System  Comets are small bodies made of rocky and metallic pieces held together by frozen gases. Comets generally revolve about the sun in elongated orbits.

  43. Check Ins • What is a Jovian Planet? Give 4 examples •  Which planet is known as the windy planet? • What is a Terrestrial Planet? Give 4 examples •  Which planet has a greater mass than the combined mass of all the remaining planets and their moons? • What is the most obvious difference between a Jovian and Terrestrial planet?

  44. “The Outer Planets” • As you watch about the outer planets, take notes in the following format:

  45. “The Inner Planets” • As you watch about the inner planets, take notes in the following format:

  46. “Jupiter, the Giant Planet” • As you watch about the Jupiter, take notes in the following format:

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