GSC-13 Reconfigurable Radio Systems TIA/ITS & PPSO Summary

1. GSC-13Reconfigurable Radio SystemsTIA/ITS &PPSO Summary Anil Kripalani, TIA Submission Date:July 15, 2008

2. Reconfigurable Radios – The Problem • From an ITS Reconfigurable Radios perspective -Wireless standards change on average every 18 months, while average automobile design takes 3 years, and cars last an average of 10 years • Without Radio Reconfiguration capability, different RF hardware has to be designed and provisioned per region, per function • Particularly severe constraint in vehicles – analog & digital audio, GPS tracking, WWAN/Internet, WWAN/Emergency Information Delivery, tolls/EZPass, key access, radar, BT, WLAN, etc. • Updates (critical or not) in any of the wireless technologies means cost • Multimode Mobiles need to support different 3G/4G/WLAN/BT standards and 5+ frequency bands today, and more coming • Cost, power implications • Will get worse with future multipurpose broadband devices for converged WWAN/WLAN/PAN/BAN..

3. Reconfigurable Radios – The Goal • Source: Presentation on SDR by Dr John Chapin of VANU Inc. at the Fully Networked Car Conference, Geneva, 5-7 March, 2008

4. Reconfigurable Radios - Rationale • Reconfigurable Radios (RRs) are expected to reduce device BoM cost and be upgradable in the field to support future communications standards and applicable spectral bands • RR capable hardware is ‘software loaded’, i.e. customized, for destination at appropriate point in supply chain • Some vendors have integrated RRs in deployed infrastructure and subscriber units, but admit limited or no frequency agility (flexibility) • Key question – does this need standardization?

5. Key Interfaces – ITS/SDR Forum • The ITS industry and the SDR Forum are asking for a new “Digital IF” standard • Implies common baseband processor for multiple radios • Existing specifications - OBSAI, CPRI, DigRF - found not appropriate for automotive requirements • RF configuration/control is the challenge • The SDR Forum has significant activity in this area Frequency band flexibility is still a major limitation without Digital RF implementation

6. Regulatory Aspects United States • FCC Rules on Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Software-Defined Radio, July 6, 2007 • for certification of devices whose radio frequency and power characteristics can be modified by software • new process allows vendors to update critical software on the devices without re-certifying the devices with the FCC • supports open standards in principle to strengthen the security and robustness of wireless devices • FCC’s challenge to the industry related to SDR/RR • to prevent “unauthorized” changes to the software on the device that might alter its radio frequency and power parameters in a way that takes it out of compliance with the regulations known as FCC Part 15 regulations

7. Recent Activity - ETSI • ETSI created a Technical Committee for Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) in January 2008 to study the feasibility of standardization related to Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive Radio • Feasibility report expected by Jan 2010 • Committee focus on systems aspects, equipment architecture, functional architecture • Clear focus on Public Safety application, recognizing requirement for SDR and CR from Defence and Public Safety segments • Liaisons with bodies in the area, as IEEE, SDR Forum and others working in the field of SDR and CR

8. Recent Activity - ITU • Report ITU-R M.2117 “Software defined radio in the land mobile, amateur and amateur satellite services”; approved by ITU WP 8A; addresses • Characteristics of software-defined radios • Software download types and security issues • Deployment considerations • Potential regulatory implications • SDR application to specific mobile systems • Technology aspects related to IMT‑2000 • Includes input from WP 8B (radars), WP 8D (mobile satellite systems), and WP 8F (IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000) • Report M.2064 (2005) is also a reference for this area • Need information on location and characteristics of other RATs through access to a database supporting access and connectivity or by using a Cognitive supporting Pilot Channel (CPC) • Ch6 - AI 1.19: considering regulatory measures in order to enable the introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive radio systems

9. Recent Activity - ISAAC • Reference: ISAAC Contribution GSC-13 PLEN 05 for Emergency Communications RES • software-defined radio (SDR) and cognitive functions[1] could facilitate interoperability among public-safety agencies by adapting to changing communications protocols and frequency bands; • [1] With regard to the 2011 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-11), agenda item 1.19 addresses the consideration of regulatory measures and their relevance, in order to enable the introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive radio systems, based on the results of ITU-R studies.

10. Reference: Contribution GSC13-PLEN-62 P802.22 series for cognitive wireless RAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: policies and procedures for operation in the TV bands P1900 series under SCC 41, Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, including terminology, analysis of interference and coexistence, spectrum access, architectural building blocks for distributed device decision making Recent Activity - IEEE

11. Recent Activity - TIA • Relative to Reconfigurable Radios, TIA TR-8 focuses on Public Safety • Users in TR-8 have expressed a desire to look at SDR aspects, and a subcommittee was created years ago, TR-8.7, but has been relatively inactive • Multiple bands are in use by systems for first responders • TR-8 Chair reported renewed interest in Software Defined Radio work • leadership for subcommittee TR-8-7 being sought

12. Challenges • Digital IF interface specification (ITS) • Support for multiple radios, on plug and play basis, nearer term • Support for growing number of wireless standards • C2K, GSM/GPRS/EDGE, EV-DOrA, HSPA, LTE, WiMAX, 802.11x, 802.15.x, 802.16d, 802.20, etc as applicable) • Also BT2.x/3.x, Zigbee, UWB, NFC, new CAI for BAN profiles, etc • Tunable filters and amplifiers, broadband antennas • Digital RF for global frequency flexibility, (no need for ‘agility’?) • 450MHz/700MHz/850MHz/900MHz/GPS1.575GHz/Galileo1.278GHz/GLONASS/1.7GHz/1.8GHz/1.9GHz/AWS/2.3GHz/2.5GHz/3.3GHz/3.5GHz/4.9GHz/5.8GHz • low power, low footprint, in CMOS, hence low cost, RFICs • an implementation challenge, to achieve economies of scale • FCC security requirement to prevent hacking to alter operating band

13. Proposed Resolution Courtesy ISACC • The 13th Global Standards Collaboration meeting (Boston, USA, 2008) • Recognizing: • that Software Defined Radios (SDRs) may offer design and operational versatility and flexibility in mobile radio systems; • that for in-vehicle use, SDRs may help in reducing the mismatch between the lifecycles of vehicles and communications technology; • that SDRs have been addressed in a variety of organizations often by people interested in different aspects and for different purposes; • that the terms used in association with SDRs and with Cognitive Radio Systems currently vary significantly; • that some of the features that many would currently associate with SDRs do not, in fact, require SDR technology to be implemented or achieved (e.g., some kind of flexibility may be obtained by multimode equipment); • that the use of SDR or Cognitive Radio Systems may have implications on the radio parameters, security, and/or reliability of operation; • that it would be useful if SDOs and regulatory bodies adopted a common set of terms covering the various aspects relating to SDRs (e.g., focusing on various layers, physical, logical, etc.); and • the importance of cognitive radio technology and the need for a common understanding of what is a cognitive radio system. • Considering: • Report ITU-R M.2117 “Software defined radio in the land mobile, amateur and amateur satellite services”; • Question ITU-R 230-1/8 “Software defined radios”; and • Question ITU-R 241/8 “Cognitive radio systems in the mobile service.” • WRC-11 Agenda Item 1.19 “to consider regulatory measures and their relevance, in order to enable the introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive radio systems” • Resolves: • to encourage Participating Standards Organizations (PSOs), and to invite other standards bodies and regulatory bodies, to cooperate in order to adopt common terminology definitions covering the various aspects relating to SDRs; and • to encourage PSOs, and to invite other standards bodies and regulatory bodies, to cooperate in order to adopt a common terminology definition and common approaches to cognitive radio technology.