Basic Safety

1. Basic Safety

2. Slide 1 Objectives Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: 1. Explain the idea of a safety culture and its importance in the construction crafts. 2. Identify causes of accidents and the impact of accident costs. 3. Explain the role of OSHA in job-site safety. 4. Explain OSHA’s General Duty Clause and 1926 CFR Subpart C. 5. Recognize hazard recognition and risk assessment techniques. 6. Explain fall protection, ladder, stair, and scaffold procedures and requirements. 7. Identify struck-by hazards and demonstrate safe working procedures and requirements. 8. Identify caught-in-between hazards and demonstrate safe working procedures and requirements. Define safe work procedures to use around electrical hazards. 10. Demonstrate the use and care of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). 11. Explain the importance of hazard communications (HazCom) and material safety data sheets (MSDSs). 12. Identify other construction hazards on your job site, including hazardous material exposures, environmental elements, welding and cutting hazards, confined spaces, and fires.

3. Slide 2 Performance Tasks 1. Inspect PPE to determine if it is safe to use (PPE should include safety goggles, hard hat, gloves, safety harness, and safety shoes). 2. Properly don and remove PPE (safety goggles, hard hat, and personal fall protection). 3. Demonstrate safe lifting procedures. 4. Set up an extension ladder properly. 5. Demonstrate three-point contact on a ladder.

4. Importance of safety • Job sites are constantly changing and hazards are continually emerging • Your employer makes every effort to plan for their employees safety • Ultimately, your safety is in your hands

5. Safety consciousness is a vital part of your work • The time you spend learning and practicing safety procedures can save your life and the life of others

6. Safety Culture • A safety culture is created when the whole company sees the value of a safe work environment • Companies with a strong safety culture usually have • Fewer at-risk behaviors

7. Lower accident rates • Less turnover • Lower absenteeism • Higher productivity • Strong safety culture can lead to more jobs

8. Accidents – causes and results • No person is immune to an accident. • Accidents can happen to anyone at any time, in any place. • An accident is defined as an unplanned event that may or may not result in personal injury or property damage

9. Categories of accidents • Near-miss – no one injured and no damage • Property damage – damage to tools, materials, or equipment – no injuries • Minor injuries – minor cuts, bruises, or strains – come back to work the next day

10. Categories of accidents • Serious or disabling accidents – injuries resulting in temporary or permanent disability • Fatalities – when you’re dead you’re dead!!

11. Slide 3 Figure 1 – Accident ratio study

12. Accident costs • When an accident happens – everyone loses • Accidents cost billions of dollars each year • Accidents are classified as direct and indirect

13. Direct costs • Medical costs • Insurance premiums rise for all employees • Premiums rise for employers

14. Indirect costs • More cost to employers • Training replacement workers • Accident investigation • Scheduling delays • Lost productivity • Repair damage equipment and property • Absenteeism

15. Slide 4 Figure 2 – Hidden costs of accidents

16. What causes accidents? • Failure to communicate – know what your job site does – signs, rules, etc. • Poor work habits – procrastination, push machine too far, horseplay • Alcohol or drug use – injury risk to everyone • Lack of skill – learn and practice new things

17. Slide 5 Figure 3 – Communication tags/signs

18. Slide 6 Table 1 – Tags and Signs

19. What causes accidents? • Intentional acts – purposefully causing accident • Unsafe acts – change from normal procedures • Rationalizing risks – risk that endangers yourself or others just because you can make an excuse • Unsafe conditions – • Management system failure – company did not follow steps to prevent accidents

20. Slide 7 Figure 4 – Horseplay at work can be dangerous

21. Slide 8 Figure 5 – Identify the safety hazards

22. What is OSHA? • Occupational Safety and Health Administration • Nearly every worker in the country is under OSHA’s jurisdiction –except miners, transportation workers, many public employees, and the self-employed • OSHA’s job is to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America’s workers

23. The Code of Federal Regulations part 1910 covers OSHA regulations for the construction industry • The general duty clause covers anything not specifically addressed • OSHA conducts six type of inspections to see if employers are in compliance with standards

24. Companies can be fined if they violate regulations • There are three categories of on-the-job events – injuries, accidents, and incidents • Injuries – anything that requires treatment • Accidents – anything that causes an injury or property damage

25. Incidents – anything that could have caused an injury or property damage • Construction has four high hazard areas • Falls from elevation • Struck-by accidents • Caught-in or caught between • Electrical shock

26. Slide 10 Figure 8 – The four high-hazard areas

27. Hazard recognition • Ask yourself these questions? • How can it cause harm? • What types of energy source are around that can cause an accident? • What is the magnitude of the energy? • What could go wrong to release the energy?

28. How can the energy be eliminated or controlled? • Will I be exposed to any hazardous materials?

29. Elevated work and fall protection • Falls from elevate areas are one of the leading causes of fatalities among construction workers. • Falls are classified into two groups – falls from an elevation and falls from the same level • Walking and working surfaces – keep all surfaces clean and dry

30. Keep surfaces clear of clutter • Make sure cables are covered so they do not cause a tripping hazard • Do not run on elevated work areas • Any opening in a wall or floor is a safety hazard • Guard openings or cover the hole

31. Guards • Railings • Warning barricades – • Red means danger – no one can enter • Yellow means caution – can enter but know about the hazard • Yellow and purple means radiation warning – no one can enter without authorization, training, or PPE

32. Covers • Must extend well beyond the edge of the hole • Must be strong enough to support twice the weight • Don’t store anything on the cover

33. Slide 13 Figure 11 – Common types of barriers and barricades

34. Personal Fall Arrest Systems • Components are: • Body harness • Lanyards • Lifeline • Connecting devices • Anchor points

35. Wearing a harness • Inspect them regularly • Safety harnesses have a D-ring attached to one end of a short section of rope called a lanyard • The D-ring on a safety harness should be placed to the rear, between your shoulder blades • The other end should be attached to a strong anchor point • Know the distance you are elevated

36. Slide 15 Figure 13 – Typical full-body safety harness

37. Slide 16 Figure 14 – Lanyards

38. Slide 17 Figure 15 – Calculating potential fall distance

39. Ladders • Do not overload the ladder • Types of ladders: • Straight ladders – two rails, rungs between – make sure you check for cracks or other damage, loose rungs, and secure feet

40. Using straight ladders • Proper angle – the distance between the foot of the ladder and the base of the structure it is leaning against must be one-fourth of the distance between the ground and the point where the ladder touches the structure • Example – the height of the wall is 16 feet – the base of the ladder should be 4 feet from the wall

41. If you are stepping off the ladder it must extend at least three feet past the structure • Keep three point contact with the ladder at all times – two feet and one hand or two hands and one foot

42. Extension ladders are actually two straight ladders connected together • Secure the top and the bottom • Extension ladders have a locking mechanism that will keep the ladder extended

43. Slide 19 Figure 16 – Different types of ladders

44. Slide 20 Objectives

45. Slide 21 Figure 19 – Proper positioning of a straight ladder

46. Slide 22 Figure 20 – Securing a ladder

47. Slide 23 Figure 21 – Moving up or down a ladder

48. Slide 24 Figure 23 – Rung locks

49. Slide 25 Figure 25 – Ladder safety dos and don’ts

50. Stairways • When there is an elevation rise of 19 inches or more and no ramp, runway, or sloped embankment is there you must have stairs • 4 or more risers or rising more than 30 inches there must be at least one rail