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Harvard Bibliography Tutorial

Harvard Bibliography Tutorial. Harvard bibliography does NOT use footnotes/endnotes. Referencing Is Important!!. It allows the reader (examiner) to judge the quality of your arguments and the evidence (your sources) o n which they are based

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Harvard Bibliography Tutorial

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  1. Harvard Bibliography Tutorial Harvard bibliography does NOT use footnotes/endnotes

  2. Referencing Is Important!! It allows the reader (examiner) to judge the quality of your arguments and the evidence (your sources) on which they are based You show these sources to the reader/examiner by citing them in your essay (quoting) and including them in a reference list (bibliography) at the end of your essay You can add weight to your arguments by quoting and referencing the major authors in the field you are studying. It shows you have read around the subject and have considered the arguments of experts in the field Good referencing can help you avoid PLAGIARISM – the unacknowledged use of someone else’s work. Ask Miss Ryan for her handout on plagiarism if you are unsure what constitutes plagiarism. A Bibliography is a list of all the sources you used in the preparation of your essay including background reading

  3. Plagiarism Familiarise yourself with the excellent ‘Plagiarism Severity Meter’ from the Visually website overleaf https://www.google.ie/search?q=art+exhibition&espv=2&biw=1440&bih=770&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi67tSCkOrRAhWCJMAKHUv8A4UQ_AUIBigB&safe=active&ssui=on#safe= strict&tbm=isch&q=bart+simpson+i+will+not+plagiarise&imgrc=zNIbNzPwStmvzM%3A

  4. http://visual.ly/did-i-plagiarize-types-and-severity-plagiarism-violationshttp://visual.ly/did-i-plagiarize-types-and-severity-plagiarism-violations

  5. Citing and Referencing In your essays you will be both citing from your sources and referencing them in your reference list or bibliography “Citation: the in-text reference that gives brief details (for example author, date, page number) of the source your are quoting from or referring to. This citation corresponds with the full details of the work (title, publisher and so on) given in your reference list or bibliography, so that the reader can identify and/or locate the work” You cite in the body of your essay “Reference List: A list of all the sources you consulted in your work arranged in alphabetical order by the author’s surname or, when there is no author, by title…” Your reference list or bibliography appears at the end of your essay

  6. Citing Sources In Your Essay If you are quoting or using ideas from a specific page(s) you should include the page numbers In your quotation Example Historian Max Hastings (2016, p.72) argues that ‘the D-day invasion…..’ If your quotation refers to a complete work or an idea/ideas that run throughout a text you should use the author and date Example In a recent study (Shovolovsky, 2015) argued that black holes ….

  7. Citing Sources In Your Essay If you are referring to a corporate author Example … as shown in its annual report (Artyza, 2016) sales of gluten based products…. If you are using a source with no author/editor, use the title in italics. Do not use ‘Anon’ or ‘Anonymous’ Example In a ground-breaking survey (Homelessness in Dublin, 2016) middle-aged men were…… When referring to a source with many chapters and multiple authors but you don’t know who wrote each chapter, then use the editors’ names Example Recent research (Brady and Hayes, 2016, pp. 411-424) proved…..

  8. Secondary Citing This is when you cite/reference a work mentioned or quoted in another author’s work. You have not read the original source yourself You should cite both sources and use the phrase ‘quoted in’ or ‘cited in’ Examples Rimbi (2014, quoted in Hehir, 2016, p.43) provides an excellent rebuttal of this argument…. NB – If you were unable to read Rimbi’s work yourself you cannot include it in your bibliography. It would only appear as a citation, as in the above example.

  9. Quoting Quotes should be relevant to your argument Use them sparingly – the examiner wants to read about your interpretation of the evidence IB and RSR students - Quotations are included in your word count Quotes should be enclosed in quotation marks. Give author, date and page number(s) that the quotation was taken from “If you need to illustrate the idea of nineteenth-century America as a land of opportunity, you could hardly improve on the life of Albert Michelson” (Bryson, 2004, p.156) Long quotes (more than 3 lines) should be contained in a separate paragraph and indented from the main body of the essay. Quotation marks are not required.

  10. Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is expressing someone else’s writing in your own words HOWEVER You must ensure that you do not change the original meaning You must still cite and reference your source of information

  11. Ellipsis Ellipsis is omitting part of a quotation You show this by using three dots … “Historians have disagreed radically about what sort of a man Henry was … whether he was the puppet or the puppeteer” (Randall, 2001, p.19)

  12. Bibliography A bibliography is a detailed list of references cited in your essay plus other material you may have read, but not cited in your essay. It is located at the end of your essay It is arranged alphabetically by the author’s last name If there is no author it is arranged by title Internet pages with no author or title - use the web address The purpose of the bibliography is to enable the examiner to find the sources of information you relied on to create your essay – it’s like the ‘ingredients list’ in a recipe. Whatever methodology you chose, you must use it consistently – you cannot chop and change

  13. What’s Included In A Bibliography? BE ORGANISED – AS SOON AS YOU START READING A SOURCE MAKE A NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING Author(s)/Editor(s) Date of Publication – if there is no date use (no date) Title – use the title and the subtitle if there is one Edition – use only if the work is not the first edition eg 3rdedn. Place of publication and the publisher – only required for printed book, reports eg Dublin: Four Courts Press

  14. What’s Included In A Bibliography? Series –include series and volume number after the publisher eg Dublin: Four Courts Press (World Law Series, 60) Journals and Newspapers - include the following in this order – vol. number, issue/part number, date eg 87 (3); Page Number – use for books, journal/newspaper articles - use p. for a single page and pp. for more than one URL – you must include the date you accessed the web page eg (Accessed: 30 Jan 2017)

  15. Caveat What follows is only a sample Refer to ‘Cite Them Right’ for additional reference types eg • chapters in edited books • market research reports from online databases • Legislation/Govt. publications • EU publications • International legal source eg UN • Censuses

  16. Nota Bene ‘Cite Them Right’ also includes guidance on the following referencing styles: APA – American Psychological Association Chicago MLA – Modern Languages Association

  17. Names Use ‘Cite Them Right’ (pp.18-19) for guidance on the following names: Arabic Burmese Chinese Indian Japanese Malaysian Portuguese Spanish Thai Vietnamese

  18. Sacred Texts • Refer to ‘Cite Them Right’ (p.37-8) for guidance on the following: • The Bible • The Torah • The Qur’an

  19. Books and EBooks Printed Books Citation Order Ebooks* Author/Editor Publication year (in round brackets) Title (in italics) DOI or Available at: URL (Accessed : date) • Author/Editor • Publication year (in round brackets) • Title (in italics) • Place of Publication: Publisher • Series and vol. number • When an ebook looks like a printed book, with publication details and pagination, you should reference as • a printed book

  20. Books - Printed Book with one author In-Text Citation According to Bell (2014) the most important part of the research process is... Reference List Bell, J (2014) Doing Your Research Project. Maidenhead: Open University Press

  21. Books - Printed Book with an editor In-Text Citation The formation of the professions was examined in Prest (2014) Reference List Prest, W. (ed.) (2014) The Professions In Early Modern England. London: Croom Helm

  22. EBooks “When an Ebook looks like a printed book, with publication details and pagination, you Should reference as a printed book” “On some personal electronic devices, specific ebook pagination details may not be available, so use the information you do have such as loc, %, chapter/page/paragraph - for example, (Richards, 2012, 67%), (Winters, 2011,ch. 4, p.12)”

  23. EBooks In-Text Citation Arthur’s argument with the council was interrupted by the Vogan Constructor Fleet (Adams, 1979, loc 876) Reference List Adams, D. (1979) The Hitchhiker’s Guide To The Galaxy. Available at: www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Accessed: 29 January 2018).

  24. Translations Reference the translation you have read,not the original text Citation Order Author/editor Publication year of translated publication (in round brackets) Title (in italics) Translated fom the [original language] by… Place of publication: Publisher

  25. Translations In-Text Citation Delibes (2013, pp.4-11) vividly describes childhood in a Spanish village… Reference List Delibes, M. (2013) The Path. Translated from the Spanish by G. Haycraft and R. Haycraft. London: Dolphin Books

  26. Books In Languages Other Than English If referencing a book in its original language, give the title exactly as shown in the book Citation order: Author/editor Year of publication (in round brackets) Title of book (in italics) Place of publication: Publisher

  27. Books In Languages Other Than English If referencing a book in its original language, give the title exactly as shown in the book In-Text Citation: Her depiction of middle-class lifestyles (Beauvoir, 1966) … Reference List Beauvoir, S. de (1966) Les Belles Images. Paris: Gallimard

  28. Plays – Lines Within Citation Order Author (Surname followed by initials) Year of publication (in round brackets) Title (in italics) Edition information Place of publication: Publisher Act. scene: line

  29. Plays – Lines Within In-Test Citation ‘I prithee do not mock me fellow student’ (Shakespeare, 1980, 1.2:177 Reference List Shakespeare, W. (1980) Hamlet. Edited by Spencer, T. J. B. London: Penguin, 1.2:177

  30. Journal Articles Citation Order Author Publication year (in round brackets) Title of article (in single quotation marks) eg ‘Journal of Neuroscience’ Title of journal (in italics – capitalise first letter of each word in title, except for linking words eg and, of, the, for Issue Information (volume (unbracketed) and, where applicable, supplement or part number, month or season (all in round brakcets)) Page reference (if available) If accessed online: DOI or Available at: URL (Accessed: date)

  31. Journal Articles Example: electronic or print or both In-Text Citation In their review of the literature (Norrie et al., 2012) … Reference list Norrie, C. et al (2012) ‘Doing it differently? A review of literature on Teaching reflective practice across health and social care professions’, Reflective Practice, 13(4), pp.565-578 Electronic article with DOI Norrie, C. et al (2012) ‘Doing it differently? A review of literature on Teaching reflective practice across health and social care professions’, Reflective Practice, 13(4), pp.565-578. doi:10.1080/02619710260226.

  32. Newspaper Articles Where the author (byline) of a newspaper article is known, use the following citation order: Author/byline Year of publication (in round brackets) Title of article (in single quotation marks) Title of newspaper in italics Edition if required (in round brackets) Day and month Page reference (if available) If accessed online: DOI or Available at: URL (Accessed: date)

  33. Newspaper Articles Electronic or print article In-Text Citation Financial incentives were offered to graduates (Mansell and Bloom, 2018)… Reference list Mansell, W. And Bloom, A. (2018) ‘£10,000 carrot to tempt physics experts’, The Guardian, 20 June, p. 5

  34. Art - Exhibitions Citation Order Title of exhibition (in italics) Year (in round brackets) [Exhibition] The word [Exhibition] is to appear after the date. Location. Date(s) of exhibition

  35. Art - Exhibitions In-Test Citation The acclaimed exhibition in London is one of the finest (Pre-Raphaelites: Victorian Avant-Garde, 2012) Reference List Pre-Raphaelites: Victorian Avant-Garde (2012) [Exhibition]. Tate Britain, London, 12 September 2012-13 January 2013

  36. The Internet The variety of information types available on the internet is enormous. Therefore, you must distinguish what it is you are referring to. You should aim to provide sufficient information to enable someone else find your source of information You should quote the date you accessed the information as it may be amended or not there in a few month’s time Information taken from the internet should be evaluated as critically as information from other sources See the library Blog for guidance on how to evaluate internet and print sources of information

  37. MOOCs – Massive Open Online Courses Citation order: Producer Year of publication (in round brackets) Title of course (in italics) [MOOC] Available at: URL of MOOC (Accessed: date)

  38. MOOCs – Massive Open Online Courses In-Text Citation: … in relation to the University’s MOOC (University of Bradford, 2016). Reference List University of Bradford (2016) How To Save Energy (MOOC). Available at: https://www.Bradford.ac.uk/mooccourses/erergy/26934/progress (Accessed: 10 July 2018).

  39. Web Page With Individual Author Citation Order Author Year site was published/last updated (in round brackets) Title of web page in italics Available at: URL (Accessed date) Web page has NO author ? – then use the title of the web page Web page has NO date? – use (no date). But, how useful is this source? How do you know if it’s out of date? Further guidance on the internet can be found in ‘Section E10 The Internet’ (p.56)

  40. Web Page With Individual Author In Text Citation Burton (2012) provided information for the visit Reference List Burton, P. A. (2012) Castles of Spain. Available at: Http://www.castlesofspain.co.ul/ (Accessed: 14 October 2018).

  41. Art – Paintings & Drawings Citation order Artist Year (if available) Title of work (in italics) Medium [in square brackets] Institution/Collection that houses the work, followed by the city IF ACCESSED ONLINE ADD Available at: (Accessed: date)

  42. Art – Paintings & Drawings In-Text Citation Works by Coello (1664) and Dali (1958) … Reference List Coello, C. (1664) The Triumph Of St Augustine [Oil on canvas]. Museo del Prado, Madrid. Dali, S. (1958) Madonna [Oil on canvas] Available at: http://www.oxfordartonline.com (Accessed 9 July 2018)

  43. Photographs From The Internet You reference what you are referring to Citation Order Photographer Year of publication (in round brackets) Title of photograph (in italics) Available at: URL (Accessed: date)

  44. Photographs From The Internet In-Text Citation His beautiful photograph (Lange, 1936) …. Reference List Lange, D (1936) Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California Available at: https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/71.71.10/?ds_ rl=1263130&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIuf_8tKye5QIVRNreCh3JrALeEAAYASAAEgLQuPD_BwE (Accessed: 14 October 2019)

  45. Cartoons Citation Order Artist Date (if available) Title of Cartoon (in single quotation marks) [Cartoon] Title of publication (in italics) Day and month IF ACCESSED ONLINE: DOI or Available at: URL (Accessed: date)

  46. Cartoons In-Text Citation Steve Bell (2008) warned of the danger… Reference List Bell, S. (2008) Don’t let this happen’ [Cartoon]. The Guardian, 19 June. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/cartoon/ 2008/jun/19/steve.bell.Afghanistan.troops (Accessed: 2 July 2018)

  47. Maps Citation order Ordnance Survey Year of publication (in round brackets) Title (in italics) Sheet number, scale Place of publication: Publisher Series (in round brackets)

  48. Maps In-Text Citation Archaeological sites are italicised (Ordnance Survey, 2002) Reference List Ordnance Survey (2002) Preston and Blackpool, sheet 102, 1:50,000. Southampton: Ordnance Survey (Landranger series) See p. 76 for guidance on online maps and GIS maps

  49. Films – Viewed At A Cinema Citation order Title of film (in italics) Year of distribution (in round brackets) Directed by [Feature Film] Place of distribution: distributor

  50. Films – Viewed At A Cinema In-Text Citation Movies were used to attack President Bush’s Policies (Fahrenheit 9/11, 2004) Reference list Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) Directed by M. Moore [Feature Film]. Santa Monica, CS: Lionsgate Films

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