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Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation. Hypertension. Hypertension. Lifestyles, fitness and rehabilitation. What is Blood Pressure? Pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood through the arteries and the circulatory system What do Blood Pressure Numbers Mean?

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Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

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  1. Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension

  2. Hypertension Lifestyles, fitness and rehabilitation • What is Blood Pressure? • Pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood through the arteries and the circulatory system • What do Blood Pressure Numbers Mean? • Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart is beating • Bottom number (Diastolic)= Pressure while heart is resting between beats

  3. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Normal Blood Pressure • Blood Pressure of < 140/ 90 • Blood Pressure of 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 should be closely watched • High Blood Pressure • Blood Pressure > 140/ 90

  4. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • How can I tell if I have High Blood Pressure? • Usually NO SYMPTOMS! • “The Silent Killer” • May have: • Headache • Blurry vision • Chest Pain • Frequent urination at night

  5. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Blood Pressure Measurement • Sphygmomanometer • Systolic pressure= pressure when 1st sound is heard • “Diastolic pressure= pressure when last sound is heard • Blood Pressure Cuff Size • Small – children and small adults • Average • Large – overweight and large adults

  6. American Heart AssociationRecommended Blood Pressure Levels Lifestyles, fitness And Rehabilitation

  7. American Heart AssociationRecommended Blood Pressure Levels Lifestyles, fitness And Rehabilitation

  8. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • What Causes High Blood Pressure? • Cause unknown in 90 to 95% of cases = Primary Hypertension • Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10% • Kidney Abnormalities • Narrowing of certain arteries • Rare tumors • Adrenal gland abnormalities • Pregnancy

  9. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • What Causes High Blood Pressure? • Controllable Risk Factors • Increased salt intake • Obesity • Alcohol • Stress • Lack of exercise

  10. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • What Causes High Blood Pressure? • Uncontrollable Risk Factors • Heredity • Age • Men between age 35 and 50 • Women after menopause • Race • 1 out of every 3 African Americans • Higher incidence in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans

  11. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Women and High Blood Pressure • Birth Control Pill • Pregnancy • Overweight • After Menopause • African Americans

  12. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • How does High Blood Pressure develop? • Certain nerve impulses cause arteries to become larger (dilate) or smaller (contract) • If vessels wide open blood flows easily • If vessel narrows pressure inside increases causing hypertension

  13. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • What does High Blood Pressure do to my Body? • Stroke • Congestive heart failure • Kidney failure • Heart attack • Heart rhythm problems • Aneurysm

  14. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • What Can I Do? • High blood pressure is a lifelong disease • Blood pressure can be controlled not cured • Controlling blood pressure will reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney disease

  15. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • What Can I Do? • Loose weight if your overweight • Get regular physical activity • Avoid excessive alcohol • Stop smoking • Manage your stress

  16. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • What Can I Do? • Decrease salt intake • Eat for heart health • Discuss the use of oral contraceptives with your doctor • Discuss the use of some medications with your doctor

  17. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control • Know your blood pressure • Have it checked regularly • Know what your weight should be • Keep it at that level or below • Don’t use excessive salt in cooking or at meals • Avoid salty foods 1 2 3

  18. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control • Eat a low-fat diet • According to AHA regulations • Don’t smoke cigarettes • Or use tobacco products • Take your medicine exactly as prescribed • Don’t run out of pills even for a single day 4 5 6

  19. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control • Keep your appointments with the doctor • Follow your doctors advice about exercise • Make certain family members have their blood pressure checked regularly • Live a normal life in every other way! 7 8 9 10

  20. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Medication for High Blood Pressure • Diuretics • Rid the body of excess fluids and salt • Beta-blockers • Reduce the heart rate and the work of the heart • Calcium antagonists • Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels

  21. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Medication for High Blood Pressure • Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE) • Interfere with the bodies production of angiotensin, a chemical that causes the arteries to constrict (narrow) • Vasodialators • Cause the muscle in the wall of the blood vessels to relax, allowing the vessel to dialate (widen)

  22. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Medication for High Blood Pressure • Sympathetic nerve inhibitors • Sympathetic nerves go from the brain to all parts of the body, including the arteries • Cause arteries to constrict raising blood pressure • These drugs reduce blood pressure by inhibiting these nerves from constricting blood vessels

  23. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Home Blood Pressure Monitoring • Mercury sphygmomanometer • Standard for BP monitoring • No calibration • May be bulky • Need a second person to use machine • May be difficult for hearing impaired or patients with arthritis

  24. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Home Blood Pressure Monitoring • Aneroid equipment • Inexpensive, lightweight and portable • Two person operation/need stethoscope • Delicate mechanism, easily damaged • Needs calibration with mercury sphygmomanometer

  25. Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation • Home Blood Pressure Monitoring • Automatic equipment • Contained in one unit • Portable with easy-to-read digital display • Expensive, fragile • Must be calibrated • Requires careful cuff placement

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