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Organization & Body Systems

Learn about the levels of organization in the human body, from simple atoms to complex organ systems. Understand the structure and function of different body parts, cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Explore homeostasis mechanisms and the 11 organ systems categorized by function. Delve into body systems supporting movement, protection, coordination, and more.

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Organization & Body Systems

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  1. Organization &Body Systems Unit 1: Intro to Anatomy Chapter 1.1

  2. Anatomy & Physiology • The study of the human body • Anatomy is concerned with the structure of a part

  3. Physiology is concerned with the function of the part

  4. Levels of Organization • Body is organized into levels from most simple to most complex

  5. Atoms • Most simple • Compose all substances • Chemicals elements

  6. Molecules • Atoms joined together form molecules • Example: amino acids

  7. Macromolecules • Molecules joined together form macromolecules • Example: protein

  8. Organelles • Tiny structures found in cells that perform cellular functions • Example: mitochondria – supplies cell with energy

  9. Cells • Macromolecules found in all cells • Basic unit of all living things

  10. Tissue • Composed of similar types of cells and performs a specific function • Example: blood, muscle, fat

  11. Organs • Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function • Example: heart, stomach

  12. Organ System • Groups of organs that perform a particular function • Example: digestive system: supply body with the nutrients needed for growth and repair

  13. Organism • All the body systems make up an organism • Unicellular organism: made up of one cell • Example: amoeba • Multicellular organism: made up of many cells • Example: gorillas

  14. Review • ________ is concerned with the structure or an organ or part, while ________ is concerned with the function. ANSWER: Anatomy, Physiology

  15. ___________ are groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function. Answer: Organs

  16. 3. ______________ organisms are made up of many cells, while ___________ organisms are made up of one cell. • ANSWER: multicellular, unicellular

  17. 4. Basic unit of all living things are called ________. ANSWER: cells

  18. Homeostasis Homeostasis is the relative constancy of the body’s internal environment Even when external conditions change, the body’s internal condition stays within a narrow range All systems of the body contribute toward maintaining homeostasis If the body’s internal conditions changes greatly, illness results

  19. 2 types of homeostasis mechanisms: • Negative feedback – returns a variable back to a the set point

  20. Positive feedback – mechanism that brings about an ever greater change in the same direction Example: Childbirth

  21. Introduction • Organs in the body work together in systems • 11 organ systems in the body • Organ systems can be divided into 4 categories based on function

  22. Body Systems Support, Movement, & Protection Integration & Coordination Maintenance of the Body Reproduction & Development

  23. Support, Movement, & Protection • Integumentary System: • Organs: skin and accessory organs (hair & nails) • Function: protects tissue, regulate body temperature & contains sense organs

  24. Skeletal System • Organs: bones, cartilage, & ligaments • Function: protects body parts, produce blood cells, stores calcium & phosphorus salts

  25. Muscular System • Organs: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles • Function: move voluntarily, respond to stimuli, produce body heat

  26. Integration & Coordination • Nervous System • Organs: brain, spinal cord & nerves • Function: conducts nerve impulses from the sense organs to the brain and then to the muscles and gland

  27. Endocrine System: • Organs: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes • Function: secretes chemicals that are messengers between body part, maintain proper functioning of reproductive system

  28. Maintenance of Body • Circulatory (Cardiovascular) system: • Organs: Heart, blood vessels, blood • Function: transports nutrients and oxygen to cells through blood, removes wastes

  29. Immune (Lymphatic) System: • Organs: Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen • Function: protects body from disease

  30. Respiratory System: • Organs: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs • Function: bring oxygen into lungs and take carbon dioxide out of the lungs

  31. Digestive System: • Organs: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum • Function: receive food and digest into nutrient molecules

  32. Urinary System: • Organs: kidneys and urinary bladder • Function: gets rid of nitrogenous wastes, helps regulate fluid level and chemical content of the blood

  33. Reproduction & Development • Reproductive System: • Organs: Male: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penisFemale: ovaries, Fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus • Function: produce sex cells, nourish and protect fetus (female)

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