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Religious tourism and World Heritage Registration Movement in Nagasaki, Japan

Religious tourism and World Heritage Registration Movement in Nagasaki, Japan. MATSUI Keisuke (University of Tsukuba). Purpose.

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Religious tourism and World Heritage Registration Movement in Nagasaki, Japan

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  1. Religious tourism and World Heritage Registration Movement in Nagasaki, Japan MATSUI Keisuke (University of Tsukuba)

  2. Purpose Heritage tourism is one of the attractive types of urban tourism; in particular, registration as a World Cultural Heritage site has a powerful effect on the tourism market. The purpose of this paper is to discuss various aspects of this type of tourism. By showing the process of creating new heritage tourism using Catholic churches, I will examine the cultural impact of heritage tourism and some problems associated with commodification of churches.

  3. Background of the study (1/3) Economic impact of tourism in Japan travel expenditure: 200.9 billion € （≒Toyota） job creation ripple effect:4.06 million people • Revitalization of local economy in terms of tourism is a crucial issue. • Competition among cities has been increasing.

  4. Background of the study (2/3)- Urban and heritage tourism- Big Buddha in the suburbs Tokyo Urban heritage tourism City’s culture and history, often related to city’s identity has been used as a tourism resource.

  5. Background of the study (3/3)-World Heritage as a tourism resource- Registration for World Cultural Heritageis effective means to create city’s culture/history tourist attractions. • World Heritage site boom • Expectation for a positive impact on the local economy • Case study: Nagasaki Pref. • ⇒　World Heritage • Tentative List in 2007 Japan has 11 Cultural and 3 natural in 2010

  6. Study area (1/2)：Geography of Nagasaki • westernmost part of Kyusyu Isl. • local capital : Nagasaki City (port city) population :440 thousand • window to foreign countries (17c-19c) • damage of atomic bomb (09/08/1945)

  7. Study area (2/2) ：Characteristics of Nagasaki ・67 thousandof Catholics （4%of the population） ・Number of church:135 ・History : 460 years Distribution of Catholic Believers Ratio of Catholic Believers

  8. Excellent? Magnificent? Long history? Why and how were these churches in Nagasaki used as tourism resources?

  9. Dynamics of tourism in Nagasaki area (1/2) -decline of tourists and tourism consumption- Decrease of visitors Decrease of visitors’ expense

  10. Dynamics of tourism in Nagasaki area (2/2) -change of the structure of tourism- Rapid declining of school excursion thousand people End of mass tourism Nagasaki is obliged to create the attractive tourism resources (especially, cultural heritage tourism for the elderly) 　→ The conclusion is to create “Catholic tourism”.

  11. What is the value of Nagasaki Churches ? 1) Historic and cultural value： history（golden age/hardship/revival） 　　　⇒　especially, tradition of hidden Christian 2) Aesthetic and artistic value： fusion of western culture and traditional Japanese techniques 3) Cultural landscape value： location of the churches

  12. Main actors of Catholic tourism creators Local government, Tourism industries, Catholic, Scholars, Media ・・・ Believers, Catholic, local residents Tourists, pilgrims

  13. Producer: creation of pilgrimages: Christianity as a tourism resources 1）Local government: Department of Tourism & the board of Education →Preserve as cultural heritage and also use as tourism resources 2）Nagasaki Tourism Association ：the commercial promotion of “Christian tours ” →the developments of high value-added 3) Nagasaki Catholic Archbishop ：The creation of ‘Nagasaki Pilgrimage’ →guide books，Pilgrimage tourism centre，model course ← The Nagasaki Christian tour pamphlet → The official guide of Nagasaki pilgrimage

  14. What is the process of creating Nagasaki pilgrimage? Existence of mediatorand facilitator １）Activities of mediators：finding value 　→media・artists・photographer・scholars（1995～） ２） Activities of facilitators：perceiving value and marking →local people, Association of World Heritage ３）Registration of tentative list（Jan.2007） 　→ local government: separation of state and religion First beatification in Japan held （Nov. 2008） Creation of Nagasaki pilgrimage

  15. What is the concept of Nagasaki pilgrimage? The concept : both high-class-oriented and high-value-added The central aim is to create a new pilgrimage route and contributes to the promotion of tourism in Nagasaki Concrete action; Selecting pilgrimage sites, publicising pilgrimage styles, creating an official guidebook, publishing a pilgrim map ‘Camino de Santiago’ model

  16. What is created as Nagasaki pilgrimage？ Story ：the value of pilgrimage １）Construction of the story：official guidebook →historical（Christianity）・cultural value（architecture） 　→mythology：story of martyrdom, tragedy and persecution ２） Construction of the form ：actual conditions of pilgrimage 　→logotype, official guide, pilgrimage style ３）Promotion：commodification of pilgrimage →publicity to travel agents ＊However, tourism infrastructure?

  17. １）Registration of cultural properties： restoration and preservation →also physical damage Impact of heritage tourism（1/5） Preservation

  18. Impact of heritage tourism (2/5) -Adding new value- ２）Adding new values to the Nagasaki church group →　Gaze for Nagasaki Christian has changed New values (artistic, architectural, cultural, historic, socio-economic…）gain authority from being a World Heritage candidate. The Church will become a social symbol that will provide actual substance to ‘culture’ and ‘history’. The landscape of churches recalls collective memories.

  19. Impact of heritage tourism（3/5,4/5） 3) themeparkization or cataloguization of the places →many visitors are forced to understand ‘the right story’ 　 →placelessness 4) As Christian history has become public memory, the local history of Nagasaki has been updated and restructured conveniently. →inconvenient truth was concealed

  20. Impact of heritage tourism（5/5） 5) Risk of instant creation of city identity →　different identities for the city have produced continuously and instantly. media space, cyber space Website of tourism association Sightseeing brochure Official guidebooks 　　　 →Continuous discovery of resources 　　　→Noactual situation, but created later 　　　→No need to be afraid of failure →New ”identities” are being made one after another

  21. Concluding remarks • cultural impact of heritage tourism. both decreasing visitors and income find new tourism • The characteristics of Catholic tourism in Nagasaki World Heritage as marking clarify City identity creating the story • However, we must consider both positive and negative aspects of the impact of tourism.

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