FLOORING

1. FLOORING

2. FLOORS • Divides a building into different levels, one above the other for creating more accommodation within a limited space • Floor consists of 2 components • Sub floor/Base course • Floor covering/Flooring

3. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD FLOOR • Hard and smooth surface • Adequate strength and stability • Damp resistant • Good thermal insulation capacity • Durable and easy to maintain • Fire resistant • Aesthetic look

4. Sub floor/Base course • Bottom most portion of a floor • Purpose: To impart strength & stability to support the floor covering & all super imposed loads • Materials used: Brick, Stone, wood, concrete

5. Floor covering/Flooring • Covering over subfloor • Purpose: to provide a hard, clean, smooth, impervious, durable & attractive surface to the floor • Materials used: Brick, stone, tile, concrete, timber, mosaic, marble, granite etc. • Selection depends: appearance, resistance to abrasion &slipperiness, cleanliness, durability, damp proof, initial cost, maintenance

6. Preparation of bed for flooring • Ground should be strong enough to support the floor • The ground surface should be levelled, compacted & watered before flooring • A porous layer of inert materials like sand or gravel should be provided just above the prepared bed • The porous layer helps to check the rise of subsurface water into the floor

7. Floor finishing materials • Used to improve the appearance of floors. • Provides a clean, damp proof surface • Commonly Used Types • Mosaic tile flooring • Ceramic tile flooring • Marble floor covering • Granite floor covering • Synthetic flooring

8. Base Preparation • 15cm sand cushion provided over rammed & watered earthen surface • Over the sand cushion base course of 10cm thick cement concrete(1:5:10) mix is placed • Top surface of concrete is roughly finished to develop good bond b/w the base & topping • Cure this concrete for 3 days

9. Mosaic tile flooring • Available in different sizes & colours • Widely used in residential building, shops, theatres etc

10. Laying steps • Over the concrete bedding , cement mortar layer of 1:1 mix is spread and mosaic tiles are arranged above this. • Cement paste is applied to the sides • Tiles are slightly tapped till cement oozes out through the joints to the surface • This cement is cleaned with sawdust. • After 3 days joints are rubbed carborundum stone& then pumice stone. • Finally surface is washed with a weak solution of soap in warm water.

11. Advantages of mosaic flooring • High durable • Dense hard and tough • Available in variety of colours • Water and bacteria resistant • Low maintainance

12. Disavantages of mosaic flooring • Slippery when wet • Damage or crack

13. Ceramic tile flooring • Different size, colour, quality are available

14. Laying steps • Over the concrete bedding , cement mortar layer is spread and tiles are arranged above this. • Tiles are slightly tapped till cement oozes out through the joints to the surface and clean using sponge. • Cement grout is applied to the joints with the help of float held at 45˚ diagonally across the face of tile • Excess grout can be removed with sponge which is drawn across the tile diagonally to the joints • Allow mortar to set for 1-2 days.

16. Terazzo floor covering

17. Consist of granite,marble,quartz,glass or other suitable chips sprinkled with cement • It is poured into floor ,cured and polished • Asethetic and durable • Resistant to heat and water • Less maintanance • Expensive • Slippery • Requires professional installation

18. Rubber floor covering

19. Noise proof • Rubber sheets available in variety of patterns and colours • Sheets are fixed into concrete floor with appropriate adhesives • Costly • Easy to install

20. Lineoleum flooring

21. Linoleum consist of linseed oil from flax seeds,limestone and wood dust • Duarble for high wear living areas • Linoleum flooring is used for floor base already smooth and plain • It is not used in area prone to fire • It is not used in areas likely to dam • Softer than other type of flooring

22. Cork flooring

23. Excellent thermal qualities • Beautiful,lightweight,fire resistant • Soft cushion surface • Antibacterial properties • Requires high level of maintainance • Tendency to stain,susceptible to water and damage

24. Glass flooring

25. Costly • Transmits light from upper floor to lower areas • Area look bright and spacious • Laminated glass is used for flooring • Durable • Bacteria and dirt resistance • Impervious to water • Expensive • Very slippery when wet • Scracted easily

26. Concrete flooring

27. Durable • Easy to maintain • Easy to construct • Economical

28. Brick floor covering

29. Easy to construct • Used in ware houses,stores,godowns • Well burnt bricks of uniform shapes used in floor

30. Timber floor

31. Used in hilly regions • Known as wood or plank flooring uses reclaimed or recycled wooden boards • Different species of wood are fabricated • Beautiful apprearance • Withstand huge traffic without replacement • Ecofreindly material • Good insulator • Low maintainance • Expensive • Takes lot of time toset on floor • Sometimes slippery and dangerous.

32. Marble floor covering • Commonly used in superior works

33. Laying steps • Over the base 20mm thick bedding mortar of 1:2 mix is spread under each slabs. • Marble slab is then laid over this mortar • Gently pressed with wooden mallet & levelled. • The marble is then again lifted up & fresh mortar is added to the hollows of the bedding mortar.

34. The marble is placed in position. • The edges of already laid slabs are smeared with cement slurry paste • Marble slabs are beaten with wooden mallet & cement oozes out through the joints is cleaned using a sponge. • Paved area is cured for 7 days • Finally surface is washed with a weak solution of soap in warm water.

35. advantages • Durable,attractive,hard • Available in variety of colours • Resistant to moisture

36. disadvantages • Expensive • Need proper maintainance • Skilled labours are required

37. Granite floor covering • Different size,shape, colour, quality are available. • Commonly used in superior works

38. Laying steps • Over the base 20mm thick bedding mortar of 1:1 mix is spread for laying the granite slabs. • Granite slabs are then laid over this mortar. • They are beaten with wooden mallet & cement oozes out through the joints . It is cleaned using a sponge or cotton. • Paved area is cured for 7 days • Finally surface is washed with a weak solution of soap in warm water.

39. Synthetic flooring • Epoxies & polyesters are used • These synthetic materials replaces the cement in standard terrazo flooring & reduces the self weight of flooring • Synthetic material & marble chips are mixed with water to form a plastic paste. • The mixture is laid on the rough base prepared. • Grinding & polishing are performed after16 to 48 hours.

40. Synthetic floor

41. Agglomerated marble- marble dust granules & synthetic resins are mixed & made to slabs under high pressure. • Available in different colours & dimension. • Superior quality • Resistance to abrasion, impact & chemical attack • Flexible & attractive • Non skid surface • Weather resistant- suitable for exterior & interior applications

42. Vinyl tiles & Vinyl asbestos tiles –made from vinyl resins • Tough polymers- can withstand heavy loads • Comfortable to walk • Resistance to abrasion, impact & chemical attack • Fixed on the floor using hot bitumen adhesive & surface is rolled with light roller.