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Biodiversity of Alabama: State and National Symbols

Biodiversity of Alabama: State and National Symbols. 92. AL State Tree: Longleaf pine.

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Biodiversity of Alabama: State and National Symbols

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  1. Biodiversity of Alabama:State and National Symbols

  2. 92. AL State Tree:Longleaf pine The bark is thick, reddish-brown, and scaly. The leaves are dark green, needle-like, and occur in bundles of three. They often are twisted and remarkably long 20–45 cm (7.9–18 in) in length. Longleaf Pine is highly resistant to fire. Periodic natural wildfire selects for this species by killing other trees.

  3. 93. AL State Butterfly: Eastern Tiger Swallowtail The Eastern Tiger Swallowtail can be found almost anywhere deciduous forests occur. Some of its common habitats include, woodlands, woodland openings, woodland edges, fields, open areas, rivers, creeks, roadsides, gardens, urban parks, and city yards. Young caterpillars are brown and white, while older caterpillars are green, with two black, yellow, and blue eyespots on the thorax.

  4. 94. AL State Bird:Northern Flicker (or Yellowhammer) • The name “Yellow-hammer” comes from a term that was applied to a company of young cavalry soldiers from Huntsville. They were called the “yellowhammer company” because of the brilliant yellow bits of cloth on the sleeves, collars, and coattails of their new uniforms. • Flickers inhabit areas that are open, such as woodlands and groves that contain dead trees or poles for nest cavities. They will also make their homes in towns and parks. Flickers spend a majority of their feeding time on the ground probing for ants. They also eat other insects, fruits, berries, and seeds.

  5. 95. AL State Amphibian: Red Hills Salamander (endangered) • Entire global distribution confined to five Alabama counties in Buhrstone/Lime Hills (“Red Hills”). Secretive, inhabits burrows on forested bluff and ravine slopes. Eliminated from many formerly inhabited sites by habitat disturbance.

  6. 96. AL State Freshwater Fish: Largemouth Bass • The largemouth bass is a heavy-bodied fish with the upper jaw usually extending past the rear margin of the eye. The back is olive green to brown, and the greenish sides are marked with a broad black band composed of somewhat oval blotches connected by shorter blotches. • Largemouth bass occupy almost all aquatic habitats in Alabama. • The largemouth bass is the primary target species of most recreational and tournament bass anglers in North America. • Largemouth bass prey upon bluegills and redear sunfish in stocked ponds and upon shad, minnows, smaller sunfishes, crayfishes, and amphibians in natural habitats.

  7. 97. AL State Saltwater Fish:Atlantic Tarpon Inhabits coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers. Tarpons feed almost exclusively on schooling fish and occasionally crabs.

  8. Restricted to extreme lower portion of Mobile Bay drainage in Mobile and Baldwin Counties. Primarily a freshwater species, but may occur in moderately brackish water with abundant vegetation. 98. AL State Reptile: Alabama Red-bellied Turtle (endangered)

  9. 99. AL State Mammal Black Bear Rare. Once found statewide, but now extirpated from all except an area just north of Mobile, where they still breed. Transients from Georgia and Florida also occasionally enter the state. Occupies woodland and swampland habitats. A variety of plant and animal materials, including some agricultural crops, consumed depending upon availability. HIGHEST CONSERVATION CONCERN.

  10. 100. AL State Game Bird: Wild Turkey • Males display to females by spreading feathers and strutting around • Benjamin Franklin wanted this to be our national bird

  11. 101. AL State Flower: Camlia They are evergreenshrubs and small trees up to 20 meters tall. Their leaves are alternately arranged, simple, thick, serrated, usually glossy, and usually three to 17 cm long. Their flowers are usually large and conspicuous, one to 12 cm in diameter, with five to nine petals in naturally occurring species of camellias. The colors of the flowers vary from white through pink colors to red, but yellow flowers are found in just a few species of camellias.

  12. 102. AL State Insect: Monarch Butterfly Monarchs are especially noted for their lengthy annual migration. In North America they make massive southward migrations starting in August until the first frost. A northward migration takes place in the spring. The monarch is the only butterfly that migrates both north and south as the birds do on a regular basis. But no single individual makes the entire round trip. Female monarchs deposit eggs for the next generation during these migrations.

  13. 103. Bald Eagle • National symbol, found in Alabama • Preys on fish • Almost driven to extinction by effects of DDT (pesticide that got into food chain and caused birds’ egg shells to be fragile) • Success story! Not on endangered species list any more

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