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Organic Halides Pt.2

Organic Halides Pt.2. Reactions. Addition Reactions. During Class we have learned that reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons occur more rapidly then saturated hydrocarbons.

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Organic Halides Pt.2

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  1. Organic Halides Pt.2 Reactions

  2. Addition Reactions During Class we have learned that reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons occur more rapidly then saturated hydrocarbons. This is important to remember when considering the first way of preparing Organic Halides. The rapid rates of these reactions are explained by the idea that no strong covalent bond is broken

  3. Addition Cont… This reaction does not involve seperation of carbon atoms. Ex: Ethene reacts with Chlorine producing 1,2- dichloroethane http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/ethene/ethene.gif + Cl -- Cl 

  4. Addition Cont… The addition of halogens to alkynes results in alkenes or alkanes… The addition of halogens to alkenes resulting in alkanes. + Br-- Br  http://dra4.nihs.go.jp/mhlw_data/home/file/image/img79-27-6.gif Ethyne + bromine  1,2- dibromoethene

  5. Since addition reactions involving multiple bonds are very rapid, the alkene product, 1,2- dibromoethene, can go through another reaction and your product becomes 1,1,2,2- tetrabromoethane http://dra4.nihs.go.jp/mhlw_data/home/file/image/img79-27-6.gif + Br-- Br 

  6. Substitution “This reaction involves the breaking of a carbon- hydrogen bond in an alkane or aromatic ring and the replacement of the hydrogen atom with another atom or group of atoms. These reactions often occur slowly at room temperature (indicating that very few of the molecular collisions @ room temperature are energetic enough to break carbon- hydrogen bonds.)” • Page 312 Nelson Chemistry. C3H8(g) + Br2(g) C3H7Br (l) + HBr(g)

  7. Elimination “An alkyl halide reacts with a hydroxide ion to produce an alkene by removing a hydrogen and a halide ion from the molecule. Elimination of alkyl halides is one of the most common methods of preparing alkenes.” - Page 313 Nelson Chemistry You can see where the H, Br and OH get transferred in the products. + + + OH  HOH Br 2- bromopropane + hydroxide ion  propene + water + bromide ion http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/propene_chem_struc.gif

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