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WHY WE ARE WHAT WE ARE

WHY WE ARE WHAT WE ARE. Read the title of the text and guess the main topic. What do you expect to read about in this text? What are the most remarkable personal characteristics of you? What adjectives would you use to describe yourself?

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WHY WE ARE WHAT WE ARE

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  1. WHY WE ARE WHAT WE ARE

  2. Read the title of the text and guess the main topic. • What do you expect to read about in this text? • What are the most remarkable personal characteristics of you? • What adjectives would you use to describe yourself? • If you were asked to classify people in terms of their personality, how would you categorize them?

  3. Two Major Personality Dimensions 1- being introverted or extraverted (reserved or outgoing) 2- being stable or unstable (fixed or changeable) These can also be called as supertraits.

  4. Traits (Characteristics) • moody: temperamental • rigid: inflexible, stiff, strict • sober: serious, controlled, restrained • sociable: outgoing • reserved: silent, quiet, unsociable • touchy: sensitive, easily offended • restless: moving about, nervous • impulsive: who acts without thought • even-tempered: easygoing, unruffled • responsive: quick to react, active

  5. In Eysenck’s model there are two levels of behaviors: • specific response level • habitual response level • Can you find the examples for each in the text?

  6. Physiological differences of extraverts and introverts • cerebral cortex arousal: related with language, memory and thinking • Extraverts  have a lower level of cortical arousal • Introverts  have an above-optimal cortical arousal • How do they behave differently regarding this physiological makeup?

  7. Target Vocabulary • hierarchy (n) arrangement of people in a group in order of rank, importance • hierarchical (adj) ranked, graded, ordered • hierarchically (adv) • a hierarchical structure, organisation

  8. a hierarchical structure -

  9. dimension (n) the length, height, width, depth of something • We'll need to know the exact dimensions of the room.

  10. impulsive (adj) • motivated by emotion, rather than thought

  11. uninhibited (adj) free and easy, relaxed, unrestrained an uninhibited laughter

  12. retiring (adj) • one who doesn’t want to be with other people As a child, Elizabeth was very shy and retiring.

  13. introspective (adj) • Inward-looking, intraverted, contemplative, self-examining • He is very introspective and shy.

  14. stimulation (n) encouragingsomeone by making them excited about and interested in something Children need variety and stimulation.

  15. aversive (adj) causing avoidance of a thing, sth that you dislike In psychology, aversiveconditioningis the use of something unpleasant, or a punishment, to stop an unwanted behavior.

  16. ample (adj) • more than necessary, plentiful

  17. subtle (adj) • not easy to notice • The pictures are similar, but there are subtledifferences between them. • The warning signs of the disease are so subtle that they are often ignored.

  18. in- • inoffensive indecisive • inflexible inelegant • indiscreet injudicious • infallible • inefficient • insincere • inconsistent • incorruptable

  19. ir- • irreproachable • irrational • irresponsible

  20. im- • impractical • impatient • impersonal

  21. un- • unenlightened • unbending • unpretentious

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