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H. Fadaei G. Renard M. Quintard G. Debenest A.M. Kamp

How In-Situ Combustion Process Works in a Fractured System Two-Dimensional, Core and Block Scale Simulation. H. Fadaei G. Renard M. Quintard G. Debenest A.M. Kamp. Outline. Introduction Combustion in fractured media Literature results Objectives & methodology Core-scale simulations

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H. Fadaei G. Renard M. Quintard G. Debenest A.M. Kamp

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  1. How In-Situ Combustion Process Works in a Fractured SystemTwo-Dimensional, Core and Block Scale Simulation H. Fadaei G. Renard M. Quintard G. Debenest A.M. Kamp IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 30th Annual Workshop and Symposium - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  2. Outline 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia • Introduction • Combustion in fractured media • Literature results • Objectives & methodology • Core-scale simulations • Preliminary work • Propagation/extinction, front shape • Matrix block-scale simulations • Temperature, Oil saturation, Oil production • Analysis (dimensionless numbers) • Conclusion • Perspectives

  3. Combustion in fractured media Air Matrix block Fracture Combustion front The idea Gravity-drained oil+ combustion gases 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia Is combustion feasible in a fractured medium? How does it scale between lab and field? Can it be controlled? Is it of practical interest?

  4. Literature results At a lab scale it is feasible: Schulte et de Vries (1985) Greaves et al (1991) Field experience is rare Craig & Parrish, COFCAW (1974) In numerical simulations it seems to work Tabasinejad et al (2006) Fadaei et al (2008) Sample temperature measurement Control temperature of vessel Heating elements Annular fissure Stack of limestone plugs Diameter 25 mm Length 40 cm 1 mm gap Coke S & de V, ‘85 SPE10723 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  5. Context and objectives 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia • Obtain propagation/extinction condition maps • Reach understanding of the physics of the processes • Is air diffusion the rate limiting factor or is the kinetics of the oxidation process? • Up-scaling strategy from single medium to dual medium • Model for mass and energy transfer between matrix blocks and fracture • Be able to say something useful concerning the potential of field application

  6. Methodology • Become familiar with the reservoir simulator • Comparison with analytic results and previous works • Single-medium simulations for • core with surrounding fracture • propagation/extinction conditions • one matrix block with surrounding fractures • several matrix blocks separated by fractures • Calculate average properties on grid blocks • Try to develop expression for transfer termsbetween matrix blocks and fractures • Can semi-analytical solutions help? • Run lab experiments for validation (Stanford) 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  7. CORE SCALE 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  8. Preliminary work 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia • Numerical reservoir simulation of conventional combustion • Comparison to analytical results by Aldushin et al (2000) • Gas/solid combustion • Excellent agreement on fronts-speed • Simulation of Kumar’s data set (SPE16027) • 26 °API oil • Good agreement with Kumar’s simulations and with experimental data • This gave some hands-on experience with simulation of combustion

  9. Propagation/extinction at core scale Kumar’s data set 26 °API Permeability 12.7 D matrix (base) 1270 D fracture Sw=0.178, Sg=0.168 Dair=0.667×10-5 m2/s (base) jair= 4.52 m3/m2/hr Air Air 13x1x37 1.5cm 1.5 cm 51 cm 0.2 cm .67 cm 6.4 cm 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  10. Propagation/extinction diagram -4 x 10 3 2 1 0 0.5 0 1 0 0.5 1.5 1 2 1.5 - Log(D/Dref) 2 2.5 - Log(K/Kref) 2.5 Np(m3) 3 3 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  11. Effect of diffusion coefficient on front shape D/Dref 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  12. BLOCK SCALE 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  13. Geometry Matrix block scale (2-D slab) Same data set as before Except: viscosity = 4000 cP k = 1.27 D No heat losses to surrounding 0.5 x 0.05 x 0.5 m system 20 x 1 x 20 grid Fracture is 4 grid blocks wide Air injection 1mm 0.5m 0.5m Oil production 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  14. Temperature Cone shaped front Front temperature increases with time Front speed decreases with time 420°C 550°C 38°C 480°C 38°C 38°C 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  15. Oil saturation 1 10hrs 30hrs 0 1 70hrs 50hrs 0 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  16. Oil production 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

  17. Analysis Negligible heat transfer by gas phase Important heat transfer by moving front and by conduction Little contribution to heat transfer by moving oil Diffusion is the determining factor for air delivery to the front 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia • Diffusion processes usually scale with 1/L2 • We need to find out how the whole process scales as function of block size

  18. Upscaling challenges Matrix block Grid block 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia From single to dual porosity model Need of modelling transfer terms between matrix and fracture, knowing only statistical parameters of the fractures (pdf of width, orientation, fracture density, ...)

  19. Conclusion 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia • Numerical simulation shows that combustion in a fractured system can be initiated and maintained at core and block level • We tested a medium oil (26°API) at core scale, and a “synthetic” heavy oil (4000 cP) at block size • Testing with more realistic data is needed • A cone-shaped front is observed, a shape which is emphasized at low diffusion coefficient • Air diffusion will likely be a rate limiting parameter • A substantial amount of oil is recovered from a single block (~75% of OOIP for 1.27 D permeability)

  20. Perspectives 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia • 3-D single-block single-medium simulations • Use a more realistic oil-system • Looking for Wolf Lake data (especially kinetics) for history matching of experiments by Greaves et al. • Interpretation of experiments done at Stanford • Scaling of the processes at single-block level • Development of expression for matrix-fracture transfer functions based on: • Semi-analytical model development • Averaging of the numerical results • Multi-block single-medium simulations

  21. QUESTION/DISCUSSION ITOHOS 2008, SPE/PS/CHOA 117645 (PS2008-117645) 30th Annual IEA Collaborative Project on EOR - 21-23 September 2009, Canberra, Australia

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