DIP – Tutorial 8

1. DIP – Tutorial 8 Lim SeiKee @ cK

2. Presentation Q • Q: Explain how management information systems manage an organization through its components: • Information quantity • Information quality • Information relevancy • Information timeliness

3. Management information systems • Information systems use IT to collect, organize, and distribute data for use in decision making. • MIS meet the information needs of managers in making daily decisions.

4. Features of MIS Timeliness Accuracy Relevance Concise Completeness Advantages of MIS Accurate information Relevant information Facilitates managerial functions Facilitates coordination

5. Tutorial Qs • 1. Why and how do managers control? • 2. What are the steps in the control process?

6. 1. Why and how do managers control? • Controlling is the process of measuring performance and taking corrective action as needed. • Pre-controls are accomplished before a work activity begins; they ensure that directions are clear, and that the right resources are available to accomplish them. • On-controls make sure that things are being done correctly; they allow corrective actions to be taken while the work is being done.

7. Post-controls take place after an action is completed; they address the question “Now that we are finished, how well did we do, and what did we learn for the future?” • Internal control is self-control and occurs as people take personal responsibility for their work. • External control is based on the use of bureaucratic, clan, and market control systems.

8. 2. What are the steps in the control process? • The first step in the control process is to establish performance objectives and standards that create targets against which later performance can be evaluated. • The second step in the control process is to measure actual performance, and specifically identify what results are being achieved.

9. The third step in the control process is to compare performance results with objectives to determine if things are going according to plans. • The fourth step in the control process is to take action to resolve problems or explore opportunities that are identified when results are compared with objectives.