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LONGITUDINAL WAVES

LONGITUDINAL WAVES. Transverse waves – movement of waves right angles to the movement of paricles Longitudinal waves – movement of waves are parallel to movement of particles. Difference between Transverse and Longitudinal waves.

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LONGITUDINAL WAVES

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  1. LONGITUDINAL WAVES • Transverse waves – movement of waves right angles to the movement of paricles • Longitudinal waves – movement of waves are parallel to movement of particles. Difference between Transverse and Longitudinal waves.

  2. Longitudinal waves: the particles oscillate in the direction parallel to the direction that the wave is travelling. • Amplitude (r) measured in meters (m) • Wavelength (λ) measured in meters (m) • Frequency (f) measured in Hertz (Hz) • Period (T) measured in seconds (s) • Wave speed (v) measured in meters per second (m.s-1).

  3. SOUND WAVES • Sound waves are Longitudinal waves • Sound waves are pressure waves and they transmit energy. • Sound waves move the particle in a medium, therefore are mechanical waves. Therefore longitudinal waves cannot pass through a vacuum. • Sound waves pass through a gas, but better through a liquid and best through a solid. • Sound waves move faster and further through a solid, because the particles in a solid is much closer to one another. • The speed of sound increases with an increase in temperature. • At 0°C sound travels through air at 331 m.s-1 and at 20°C the speed increases to 343 m.s-1. • (DO ACTIVITY 1 no 1-6 pg 117)

  4. Pitch, Loudness and Quality of sound • Pitch of sound • High or lowness of sound is called pitch. • Pitch dependent on frequency • The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch. • The human ear hear sounds with frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 000 Hz (audible range)

  5. LOUDNESS OF SOUNDS • The loudness of a sound is related to the intensity of a wave. (measurement of energy transported by the wave) • The amplitude of a wave is the maximum distance that the vibrating particles moves from their rest position . • The human ear hear sounds with frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 000 Hz (audible range) • Loudness depends on both the amplitude and frequency of a sound wave.

  6. Quality of sound • There is a difference between the sounds of a middle c on a piano and the same note played on a flute. Musical instruments play a variety of frequencies. Our brains interpret regular vibrations as musical sounds. • A sound with a great number of frequencies is a discordant noise. • A tuning fork produces a note of a single frequency.

  7. ULTRA SOUND • Frequencies of 20 000 Hz (20 kHz) • Not audible to the Human ear, but many animals can like dogs (50 kHz) and bats (100 kHz). • Medically ultrasound is used in sonar scans, to detect and destroy tumours and gallstones, measure blood flow through organs.

  8. ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION • WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY • Electromagnetic radiation shows wave-like behaviour (such as diffraction, interference and polarisation) and particle-like behaviour.

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