DO NOW

1. DO NOW • What do you remember about enzymes??

2. WELCOME TO BOOTCAMP Coach Taylor

3. WE HAVE 6 WEEKS! • 4 weeks review • Practice Regents • Last 2 weeks will be review of most missed/most important topics • IF YOU FOCUS NOW, YOU WILL PASS!!! YOU CAN DO IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

4. Living things have MANY metabolic processes that keep them alive.

5. Living things have MANY metabolic processes that keep them alive. • Metabolism is the build-up or break-down of molecules

6. In other words, living things have many different chemical reactions that keep their cells in homeostasis

7. ENZYMES are special proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

8. ENZYMES are special proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions • Enzymes are protein catalysts • Without enzymes, the chemical reactions of life would not happen fast enough

9. Chemical reactions turn reactants into totally different products • Each enzyme is designed to work with ONE specific chemical reaction. • Each enzyme has a specific shape that fits ONE reactant, also known as the substrate.

10. Enzymes fit reactants (substates) like a LOCK AND KEY. • Only ONE KEY will open a lock • Only ONE SUBSTRATE is catalyzed by an enzyme

11. Enzymes fit reactants (substates) like a LOCK AND KEY. • Only ONE KEY will open a lock • Only ONE SUBSTRATE is catalyzed by an enzyme • ENZYMES HAVE SPECIFIC SHAPES!!!!!

12. Enzymes build things up, or break things down. • An enzyme can turn simple sugars into… • An enzyme can turn a protein into… • An enzyme can turn starch into…

13. Enzymes build things up, or break things down. • An enzyme can turn simple sugars into carbohydrates • An enzyme can turn a protein into amino acids • An enzyme can turn starch into glucose

14. Each enzyme works (functions) in a SPECIFIC temperature range. • In general, enzymes work ………………as temperature increases.

15. Each enzyme works (functions) in a SPECIFIC temperature range. • In general, enzymes work faster as temperature increases. • If an enzymes goes too far out of its temperature range, it will …………………….

16. Each enzyme works (functions) in a SPECIFIC temperature range. • In general, enzymes work faster as temperature increases. • If an enzymes goes too far out of its temperature range, it will LOSE ITS SHAPE and will no longer function! • It will ………………

17. Each enzyme works (functions) in a SPECIFIC temperature range. • In general, enzymes work faster as temperature increases. • If an enzymes goes too far out of its temperature range, it will LOSE ITS SHAPE and will no longer function! • It will DENATURE and will no longer catalyze reactions!

18. The temperature at which an enzyme works the FASTEST is called the optimum temperature. • An enzyme is catalyzing the most reactions possible at the optimum temperature

23. Each enzyme works in a specific pH range. • If an enzyme goes out of it’s pH range, it will LOSE IT’S SHAPE and will NO LONGER FUNCTION • It will denature and will no longer catalyze reactions.

25. Enzymes in the stomach work in a very acidic pH range. Stomach enzymes would denature in other parts of the body.

26. ACID NEUTRAL BASE LABEL: • 0-6 = ACID • 7 = NEUTRAL • 8-14 = BASE

27. How are Enzymes SPECIFIC? • They are proteins with specific shapes • They catalyze specific reactions • They fit a specific substrate • They work in specific temperatures only • They work in specific pH levels only