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Chapter 14

Chapter 14 . Useful Materials. Objectives. 14.1 Identify common alloys and ceramics 14.1 Compare and contrast alloys and ceramics. 14.2 Compare and contrast plastics' and synthetic fibers 14.2 Describe a composite. Objectives.

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Useful Materials

  2. Objectives • 14.1Identify common alloys and ceramics • 14.1 Compare and contrast alloys and ceramics. • 14.2 Compare and contrast plastics' and synthetic fibers • 14.2 Describe a composite

  3. Objectives • 14.3Compare and contrast the advantages of new materials used in sports with older materials • 14.3 Identify chemical elements and materials of technology used in sports • 14.3 Determine whether sports should alter rules about the use of technology

  4. Alloys • A mixture of a metal and one or more other elements • Can be another metal or non-metal • Alloys retain the properties common to metals, but is not a pure metal • In general, an alloy gives you benefits from both elements

  5. Common Alloys and their Uses • Bronze (Copper and Tin) • Jewelry, Marine Hardware • Brass (Copper and Zinc) • Hardware, Instruments • Sterling Silverware (Silver and Copper) • Tableware • Pewter (Tin, Copper, Antimony) • Tableware

  6. Common Alloys and their Uses • Solder (Tin and Lead) • Plumbing • Wrought Iron (Iron, Lead, Copper, Magnesium) • Fences, Porch Railings • Steel (Carbon and a bunch of others) • More on next slide

  7. Steel (Iron and Carbon) • All steel is composed mainly of iron and carbon, other elements are added to help depending on what you want • Name, Element, Property, Use • Manganese: Manganese: Very Hard: Armor Plating • Duiriron: Silicon: Acid Resistant: Pipes • Nickel: Nickel, Elastic and Corrosion Resistant: Gears • More on pg 391

  8. Gold Alloys • Gold is a very soft metal, but we like it. • Karat system is used to tell you how much gold and how much copper is used • Approximately every 1 karat equals 4% gold • 24 Karat = 100% gold • 12 Karat = 50% gold, 50% copper

  9. Mercury Alloys • Called Amalgams • Used mostly in dentistry

  10. Ceramics • Material made from dry clay or clay like mixtures • Very strong and stable chemical bonds • Used in your house for your mugs, tubs, toilets (porcelain) • Breaks and cracks, get a new one

  11. Glass • A special type of ceramic which has no regular crystal structure. • It is composed of mostly silicon and oxygen • Made from sand • Different types of glass, some are capable of handling drastic temperature changes, others not so much • Pyrex glass good for temperature changes

  12. Cermets • Ceramic metals which have properties of both ceramics and metals • Used for places where you need something tough, strong, and heat resistant • Gas turbines and rocket motors

  13. Plastic • Polymer based material that can be molded into a variety of shapes • Many different types (7 types of recycling)

  14. Polypropylene • Rope, Textiles • Protective clothes • Carpet

  15. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) • Rubber substitute • Tubing

  16. Teflon • Cooking non-stick • Called into question safety

  17. Nylon • Athletic turf, cord, netting, bristles, carpet, sutures, some clothing

  18. Synthetic Fiber • A strand of a polymer used in fabrics. • Kevlar is 5x stronger than steel, used for bullet proof vests • Plus you get flexibility

  19. Composite • Mixture of two materials • Reinforced concrete (steel bars) • Fiber glass

  20. Sports Continued discussion • Is technology ruining sports? • Do old records have a chance with new technology? • What should be allowed, what shouldn’t be? • What sports are most affected by changes in technology? How are they?

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