Unit 5: The New Republic Begins (1789-1800)

1. Unit 5: The New Republic Begins (1789-1800)

2. Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797)

3. Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797) • George Washington elected 1789.

4. Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797) • George Washington elected 1789. • John Adams – VP.

5. Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797) • George Washington elected 1789. • John Adams – VP. • Arduous task ahead; the Constitution provided a framework, but it had never been used.

6. Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797) • George Washington elected 1789. • John Adams – VP. • Arduous task ahead; the Constitution provided a framework, but it had never been used. • The US form or govt. called the great experiment.

7. Washington’s Cabinet

8. Washington’s Cabinet • Constitution says little about the Cabinet.

9. Washington’s Cabinet • Constitution says little about the Cabinet. • Congress creates 5 Executive Departments: State, Treasury, War, Justice, Postmaster

10. Washington’s Cabinet • Constitution says little about the Cabinet. • Congress creates 5 Executive Departments: State, Treasury, War, Justice, Postmaster • Sec. of the Treasury = Alexander Hamilton

11. Washington’s Cabinet • Constitution says little about the Cabinet. • Congress creates 5 Executive Departments: State, Treasury, War, Justice, Postmaster • Sec. of the Treasury = Alexander Hamilton • Sec of State = Thomas Jefferson

12. Problems for Washington

13. Problems for Washington 1. THE NATIONAL DEBT

14. Problems for Washington 1. THE NATIONAL DEBT • The US is in debt following the Revolutionary War.

15. Problems for Washington 1. THE NATIONAL DEBT • The US is in debt following the Revolutionary War. • The govt borrowed money by selling govt. bonds—certificates that would be repaid with interest years later.

16. Problems for Washington 1. THE NATIONAL DEBT • The US is in debt following the Revolutionary War. • The govt borrowed money by selling govt. bonds—certificates that would be repaid with interest years later. • The national and state govt.s had sold bonds and needed to pay the holder of the certificates.

17. Problems for Washington 1. THE NATIONAL DEBT • The US is in debt following the Revolutionary War. • The govt borrowed money by selling govt. bonds—certificates that would be repaid with interest years later. • The national and state govt.s had sold bonds and needed to pay the holder of the certificates. • Hamilton says America must pay its debts in order to be trusted and one day be great.

18. Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt

19. Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt 1. Buy up all the state and nat’l bonds issued before 1789. Have new govt sell new bonds.

20. Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt 1. Buy up all the state and nat’l bonds issued before 1789. Have new govt sell new bonds. 2. Have nat’l govt. pay off debts owed by the states.

21. Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt 1. Buy up all the state and nat’l bonds issued before 1789. Have new govt sell new bonds. 2. Have nat’l govt. pay off debts owed by the states. • Madison and Southerners disagree. Hamilton’s plan rewards speculators, and many Southern states have already paid off their debts.

22. Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt 1. Buy up all the state and nat’l bonds issued before 1789. Have new govt sell new bonds. 2. Have nat’l govt. pay off debts owed by the states. • Madison and Southerners disagree. Hamilton’s plan rewards speculators, and many Southern states have already paid off their debts. • Hamilton compromises with the South. Southerners adopt Hamilton’s plan, and nat’l capital is moved to Washington DC.

23. Hamilton’s Plan to Build the US Economy

24. Hamilton’s Plan to Build the US Economy 1. Create a Bank of the US. Deposit taxes, and loan money to farmers and businessmen.

25. Hamilton’s Plan to Build the US Economy 1. Create a Bank of the US. Deposit taxes, and loan money to farmers and businessmen. 2. Protect and encourage American industry/business/ manufacturing with a protective tariff.

26. The Whiskey Rebellion

27. The Whiskey Rebellion • Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US.

28. The Whiskey Rebellion • Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US. • Farmers grew corn and converted it to whiskey. They hated the whiskey tax as much as British taxes.

29. The Whiskey Rebellion • Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US. • Farmers grew corn and converted it to whiskey. They hated the whiskey tax as much as British taxes. • Farmers rebel!

30. The Whiskey Rebellion • Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US. • Farmers grew corn and converted it to whiskey. They hated the whiskey tax as much as British taxes. • Farmers rebel! • Washington acts!! Sends in troops to put down rebellion. (unlike Shay’s)

31. The Whiskey Rebellion • Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US. • Farmers grew corn and converted it to whiskey. They hated the whiskey tax as much as British taxes. • Farmers rebel! • Washington acts!! Sends in troops to put down rebellion. (unlike Shay’s) • Proves the new nat’l govt is STRONG!

32. Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution

33. Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution • French Revolution = 1789 poor peasants, fighting for liberty and equality, rebel against the French monarchy. Very bloody, tens of thousands of citizens executed, including the king and queen.

34. Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution • French Revolution = 1789 poor peasants, fighting for liberty and equality, rebel against the French monarchy. Very bloody, tens of thousands of citizens executed, including the king and queen. • At first, Americans support, until turned very violent.

35. Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution

36. Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution • Jefferson supports the French Revolution, Hamilton opposes.

37. Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution • Jefferson supports the French Revolution, Hamilton opposes. • Washington issues the Neutrality Proclamation = US to stay out of Fr. Rev.

38. Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution • Jefferson supports the French Revolution, Hamilton opposes. • Washington issues the Neutrality Proclamation = US to stay out of Fr. Rev. • France and England start seizing US ships.

39. Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution • Jefferson supports the French Revolution, Hamilton opposes. • Washington issues the Neutrality Proclamation = US to stay out of Fr. Rev. • France and England start seizing US ships. • Jay’s Treaty = US and England avoid war.

40. Washington’s Farewell

41. Washington’s Farewell • Washington decides to leave office after 2 terms.

42. Washington’s Farewell • Washington decides to leave office after 2 terms. • Gives his famous Farewell Address.

43. Washington’s Farewell • Washington decides to leave office after 2 terms. • Gives his famous Farewell Address. 1) stay out of European affairs and not make “entangling alliances”

44. Washington’s Farewell • Washington decides to leave office after 2 terms. • Gives his famous Farewell Address. 1) stay out of European affairs and not make “entangling alliances” 2) warned against political parties in America; they’re divisive

45. Washington’s Farewell • Washington considered one of the greatest Presidents because he was the first one and made the Presidency work.

46. Hamilton v. Jefferson

47. Negative view of human nature. Strong central govt. Best and wealthy should rule. Business, manufacturing, industry is best. Pro-British. Positive view of human nature. Strong state govts. More people should have political power. Agriculture and farming is best. Pro-French. HamiltonJefferson

48. Favored National Bank. Favored protective tariff. Loose interpretation of the Constitution (“necessary and proper” clause). Federalist Party. From New York (Northern thinking). Opposed National Bank. Opposed protective tariff. Strict interpretation of the Constitution (word for word). Republican Party (short for Democrat Republican). From Virginia (Southern thinking). HamiltonJefferson

49. John Adams’ Presidency (1797-1801) • Washington’s VP elected 2nd President: Federalist. • France upset at Jay’s Treaty: think it favors England. Begin seizing US ships. Many Federalists want war!!

50. John Adams’ Presidency (1797-1801) • Washington’s VP elected 2nd President: Federalist. • France upset at Jay’s Treaty: think it favors England. Begin seizing US ships. Many Federalists want war!! • XYZ Affair angers Americans, but Adams keeps US out of war—following Washington’s precedent. Hamilton hopes to weaken Republicans over anger at France and build up US military. (Federalists = strong nat’l govt)