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9-1 Minerals – earth’s jewels

9-1 Minerals – earth’s jewels. Standard. I can use a table of physical properties to classify minerals. (0707.7.1). Earth’s substances divided into 2 categories:. Organic – contain carbon and hydrogen joined together Inorganic – do not contain carbon and hydrogen joined in that way.

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9-1 Minerals – earth’s jewels

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  1. 9-1 Minerals – earth’s jewels

  2. Standard • I can use a table of physical properties to classify minerals. (0707.7.1)

  3. Earth’s substances divided into 2 categories: • Organic – contain carbon and hydrogen joined together • Inorganic – do not contain carbon and hydrogen joined in that way

  4. What is a mineral? • Mineral – inorganic solid that occurs naturally and has a definite chemical composition and structure

  5. 5 Criteria to be a mineral: • Must occur naturally • Must be inorganic • Must exist in nature as a solid • Must have uniform chemical composition (every sample made up the same way) • Must be made of crystals

  6. Identifying minerals • Color • Streak – color of mineral in powder form - use a streak plate - may not be same color as overall mineral • Luster – way a mineral reflects light - dull, shiny, greasy, pearly, metallic, glassy • Density – different minerals have different densities • How the mineral breaks - cleavage – breaks regularly along flat surface - fracture – mineral breaks irregularly

  7. Identifying minerals • Hardness – some minerals are harder than others - Mohs scale – ranks minerals from softest (talc) to hardest (diamond) on a scale of 1 to 10 - a harder mineral will scratch a softer one but softer will not scratch harder • Other properties – react with acids, conductivity, attracted to magnets, glow under certain light

  8. 9-2&3 Rocks and the rock cycle

  9. standards • I can label a diagram that shows the 3 different kinds of rock (0707.7.2) • I can identify the processes of the rock cycle (0707.7.3)

  10. What is a rock? • Rock – a naturally occurring solid material that is made up of one or more minerals • Rocks are divided into 3 main groups: • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic - Rocks in each group are formed in a different way

  11. Igneous rock • Rock that forms when melted rock cools and hardens • Some forms from magma (granite) - INTRUSIVE magma – melted rock located below Earth’s surface Others form from lava (basalt) - EXTRUSIVE lava – magma, or melted rock, that reaches Earth’s surface

  12. Sedimentary rock • Form from deposited pieces of rock called sediments • Wind and moving water form pebbles and sand by breaking rock • Wind and water carry these pieces away and deposit them in new places • Over time layers of sediment build up and the weight compresses them together along with chemical changes to cement the sediments together • Examples: limestone and sandstone

  13. Metamorphic rock • Formed when heat and pressure cause chemical change in rock • Igneous and sedimentary can be changed to this • Metamorphic rocks can also change to other metamorphic rocks • Examples: gneiss and slate

  14. The rock cycle • Any of the 3 major kinds of rock can change into one of the other types • Rock cycle – ongoing process of change that rock undergoes • Many different pathways the rock can follow

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