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Charles' Law Experiment: Volume-Temperature Relationship in Gas

This experiment aims to measure the volume of air at varying temperatures under constant pressure to verify Charles' Law. Learn how to calculate volumes and temperatures based on the gas law equation. Essential equipment includes flasks, beakers, a Bunsen burner, and thermometers to conduct precise measurements. By following the steps outlined, you can determine the relationship between volume and temperature for an ideal gas, assessing the accuracy of the law’s predictions through calculated deviations.

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Charles' Law Experiment: Volume-Temperature Relationship in Gas

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  1. CHEM 1011 Experiment 11: Charles’ Law: the Volume-Temperature Relationship of a Gas

  2. Objectives • To measure the volume of a fixed quantity of air as the temperature changes at constant pressure. • To verify Charles’ Law.

  3. Introduction • Charles’s Law states that when the pressure is held constant, the volume of a fixed mass of ideal gas is in direct proportion to the temperature in degrees Kelvin. • V = kT or k = V/T

  4. Introduction • For two sets of V and T: V1/T1 =V2/T2 or • V1T2=V2T1 or • (V1T2)/(V2T1)=1

  5. Chemicals and Equipment • Boiling stones • Bunsen burner(or hot plate) • 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks(2) • 800mL beakers(2) • Clamps • Glass tubing • Marking pencil

  6. Chemicals and Equipment(cont.) • One-hole rubber stopper • Ring stand • Ring support • Rubber tubing • Thermometer • Wire gauze

  7. Calculations • To determine T1, measure the temperature of the ice bath. • To determine T2, measure the temperature of the boiling water.

  8. Calculations • Vw is the volume of water sucked into Flask 1. • V2 is the volume of air at the temperature of boiling water which is determine from measuring the volume of Flask 1. • V1 is the volume of air at the temperature of the boiling water which is calculated from V1 = V2 - Vw

  9. Calculations • Charles’s Law can be determined from calculation V2T1/V1T2 • The percent deviation can be calculated by subtracting the number verifying Charles’s Law (8) from 1.00, dividing by 1.00, and multiplying by 100 % = 1.00-(8) x 100 100

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