Chapter 25: The New Imperialism

1. Chapter 25: The New Imperialism Section 1: A Western-Dominated World Section 2: The Partition of Africa Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World Section 4: The British Take Over India Section 5: China and the New Imperialism

2. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World • Summary: • Economic, political and military interests spurred economic imperialism in the 1800s

3. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World • From 1870 until 1914, the major nations of Europe searched for new colonies • Their industries needed raw materials • They also needed markets to sell their goods

4. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World • Most Europeans favored Imperialism, or domination by one country of the political and economic life of another country

5. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World • Soldiers, traders, settlers and missionaries were most eager to colonize new lands • Still, some Europeans were against empire-building • They said it was wrong to seek democracy at home, but take freedom away from others in foreign lands

6. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World • The western powers had strong armed forces and new weapons • They gained lands in Africa and Asia with little trouble • Some countries fought the invaders but had little success

7. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World • Some western powers set up colonies and chose officials to rule local people • The French used direct-rule • They sent officers from France to run their colonies • The British used indirect-rule • They chose local officers who knew the inner workings of the colonies to run them

8. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World • Some powers set up protectorates • In a protectorate, the local rulers stayed in place but European advisors controlled trade and sent missionaries

9. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World • A third form of control was the sphere of influence • In this case, an outside power claimed all rights to make investments or conduct trade

10. Section 2: The Partition of Africa • Summary: • In the late 1800s, European powers began colonizing Africa

11. Section 2: The Partition of Africa • In the late 1800s, the powers of Europe wanted new colonies • They turned their attention to Africa • By 1914, people in all African lands, but Ethiopia & Liberia was subjects of foreign rule

12. Section 2: The Partition of Africa • Europeans of 1800 knew little of Africa • Still, they helped shape its history • Since the 1500s, traders had sold African slaves • At last, in the 1800s, Europe outlawed the slave trade

13. Section 2: The Partition of Africa • Christian missionaries came to Africa to convert people to Christianity • They built churches, schools and clinics • Missionaries intended to help the people they came in contact with, but often tried to replace native culture with their own

14. Section 2: The Partition of Africa • Westerners had long traded on the coasts of Africa • In the 1800s, explorers went inland • The King of Belgium formed a company to trade in the Congo • Soon other moved deep into Africa • These nations wanted to avoid conflict over African lands

15. Section 2: The Partition of Africa • In 1884, they met at a conference in Berlin, Germany (Berlin Conference) • They did not invite any Africans • The Berlin Conference set the rules for colonizing Africa • Britain took smaller regions, most of them rich in resources • Belgium, Germany, Italy and Portugal also gained lands

16. Section 2: The Partition of Africa • In many regions, Africans battled these European invaders • In 1896, Ethiopia fought off Italian forces • It was the only successful fight for freedom

17. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World • Summary: • During the 1800s, the Ottoman Empire was threatened by economic decline, nationalism and the ambitions of European powers

18. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World • In the 1500s, huge Muslim empires ruled from western Africa to Southeast Asia • The largest, the Ottoman Empire, stretched across the Middle East, North Africa, and part of Eastern Europe

19. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World • By 1800, the Ottoman Empire faced problems that would tear it apart • Regions talked of breaking from the empire • Some Balkan states gained freedom, and Egypt slipped from Ottoman control • Revolts shook Arabia, Lebanon and Armenia

20. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World • In the 1890s, Turkish Muslims accursed Christians Armenians of supporting plans against the empire • The Turks used this as an excuse to kill tens of thousands of Armenians

21. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World • Europe watched the Ottoman empire crumble, with Britain, France, Germany and Russia all hoping to gain control of Ottoman lands

22. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World • Egypt in 1800 was on its way to becoming a modern nation • Its Ottoman governor, Muhammad Ali, became known as the “father of Modern Egypt.” • He built up industry, backed irrigation projects and encouraged world trade

23. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World • Before Ali died in 1849, Egypt was becoming a power in the Middle East • Leaders after Ali, however, allowed foreign control • Britain gained the Suez in 1875 • In 1882, it made Egypt a protectorate

24. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World • Like the Ottoman Empire, Iran drew interest • Russia gained some power in the north • Britain gained some in the south • In the early 1900s, the discovery of oil in Iran upset the balance • The Russians, the British, and Iranian nationalists all set out to control the oil fields

25. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism • Reformers felt only a new government could save China • In 1911, nationalist leader, Sun Yixian led a revolution that ended the Qing Dynasty

26. Section 4: The British Take Over India • Summary: • Following a failed rebellion in 1857, the British Government increased its control of India

27. Section 4: The British Take Over India • In the 1800s, a trade group called the British East India Company controlled over half of India • Agents used Indian soldiers, or sepoys, to protect their power • They angered the sepoys by ignoring Indian customs and demanding that the soldiers follow rules that were against their religions

28. Section 4: The British Take Over India • In 1857, anger turned into the Sepoy Rebellion • Many lives were lost before Britain crushed the revolt • Britain saw the East India Company could not keep control • In 1858, Britain made India a colony

29. Section 4: The British Take Over India • The British tried to solve problems in India, but only caused new ones • Better farming methods and health care sparked a population boom that increased poverty and brought famine • Imported goods put local industries out of business • Top jobs went to the British • It became clear to the Indians that the British looked down on them

30. Section 4: The British Take Over India • Sons of upper class Indians often went to school in England • As they learned about democracy, many began to desire freedom for their own people • In 1885, they founded the Indian National Congress (INC)

31. Section 4: The British Take Over India • The early 1900s brought demands for self-rule • By 1906, Muslims began to fear the Hindu-run INC • Muslims formed the Muslim League and called for a separate Muslim state

32. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism • Summary: • During the 1800s, western powers used democracy and war to win favorable trade agreements with China

33. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism • Since 1644, rulers of the Qing Dynasty had isolated China • They allowed foreign trade only through one small area in southern China • In the 1800s, western nations looked to China for trade rights and new markets for goods

34. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism • When British merchants brought in Opium, the Chinese outlawed the drug • In 1839, the Opium War began • Britain quickly won the war • China was forced to pay war costs and open up ports to British trade • It also had to give Britain the island of Hong Kong

35. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism • By the mid-1800s, some Chinese saw a need to import western ideas • Others, including the Qing rulers, saw new ideas and Christian missionaries as threats to Confucian traditions

36. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism • Wars and rebellions continued to weaken China • In 1850 peasants rose up in the 14-year Taiping Rebellion • At the end of the rebellion, a weakened Qing Dynasty still clung to power

37. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism • In 1868, China lost Taiwan and Korea to Japan • The powers of Europe quickly gained holds in a weakened China

38. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism • The United States called for an “OPEN DOOR POLICY” that gave it equals rights to trade in China

39. Chapter 25 Review

40. Chapter 25 Review School Natives United States

41. Chapter 25 Review