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#1: Argentina

#1: Argentina. #2: China. #3: Boston . #4: South Africa. #5: Berlin. #6 Yugoslavia. Bell Work: Pictures around the room. Go around the room and record the first thing that comes into your head when you see each picture.

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#1: Argentina

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  1. #1: Argentina

  2. #2: China

  3. #3: Boston

  4. #4: South Africa

  5. #5: Berlin

  6. #6 Yugoslavia

  7. Bell Work: Pictures around the room • Go around the room and record the first thing that comes into your head when you see each picture. • Don’t over think it , just write down the first thing that comes into your head • Who, Where, What, Why? • What are your comments on each picture? • Discuss them with a partner • What do you think these pictures have in common? Characteristics or themes?

  8. Argentina “Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo” From 1976 to 1983, the military government of Argentina tortured and killed thousands of political dissidents and sometimes stole their children. In this demonstration in December 1979, the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo demanded to know the fate of their relatives. The banner above reads “Disappeared Children”

  9. China Man Defying Tanks A single Chinese man blocked tanks on the way to crush prodemocracy protests in Tiananmen Square in June 1989. This image has become one of the most famous photographs of the 20th century; it has come to stand for one man’s courage in defying tyranny.

  10. Boston Boston Tea Party An action by colonists in Boston against the British government. In December 1773, after officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor. The Tea Party was part of a resistance movement throughout British America against the Tea Act. Colonists objected to the Tea Act especially because they believed that it violated their right to be taxed only by their own elected representatives

  11. South Africa Voting Line When South Africa held its first all-race election in April 1994, people were so eager to vote that they stood in lines that sometimes stretched nearly a kilometer (.62 mile)

  12. Berlin Fall of the Wall When the East German government opened the Berlin Wall in November 1989, a huge celebration broke out. Some people began to use pickaxes to demolish the wall entirely. Others danced on top of the wall.

  13. Civil War in Yugoslavia Yugoslavia was a nation created through the merger of the regions of Slovenia and Croatia with the Kingdoms of Serbia, Montenegro, the land of Bosnia. This conflict primarily pitted the Croats against Serbs. The day came when Slovenia and Croatia declared independence from what they saw as a nation dominated by Serbs. Serbs living in southern and western Croatia then attempted to break away. In 1992, Bosnia also broke away from Yugoslavia, the region called Macedonia also broke away peacefully to form an independent nation. #6 Yugoslavia

  14. Common Theme? • What do you think the common theme is in these pictures? Explain. • Freedom, rights, etc • What type of government provides this?

  15. Democracy Questions (in notes) Answer these questions in your notes: (Use page 1) • What is Democracy? • Government by the people, usually a republic • Why do people want it? • Rights and freedoms (Use page 2) • Why is it so hard to create a Democracy? • What problems do people face?

  16. To Do: • Read “Europeans in Africa” in your reading packet (page 30 • Complete the worksheet for tomorrow

  17. Bell Work: Democracy • America lives in the heart of every man everywhere who wishes to find a region where he will be free to work out his destiny as he chooses. Woodrow Wilson

  18. Europeans in South Africa The Republic of South Africa

  19. The Dutch – Why South Africa? • 1652 – Dutch East India Company • Required a place for supplies on the way to Southeast Asia • Republic of South Africa • Dutch, “Boers” were the 1st settlers, BUT • Natives were already there • Fought these tribes for decades to gain control

  20. Wanted free source of labor Used Africans as slaves Came next Believed that slavery was wrong Efforts to protect the Africans angered the Boers Boers British

  21. The Great Trek - 1835 • Because of the differences the Boers went north • more conflicts with natives • The Boers defeated the natives and created republics • Transvaal • Orange Free State • They thought they were free of the British

  22. The Boer War – The cause • Minerals found in the Boer republics • Diamonds in the Orange Free State • Gold in the Transvaal • This increased British interest in the new republics

  23. The Boer War – The Outcome • 1899 the Boer war began • Boers were defeated • became British colonies • Britain tried to restore relations • 1910 – created the Union of South Africa • Gave Boers equality • Boers gained in numbers • 1948 – they controlled the government

  24. South African Republic • 1961 - South Africa was independent • led by the Boers • Now call themselves – Afrikaners • Largest group of whites • Chief policy is Apartheid • System of segregation imposed on each racial group • “apartness” • Just what the Boers wanted

  25. To Do: • Read “The Challenge of Democracy in Africa.” in your reading packet (page 4) • Fill in your notes • Go over as a class

  26. The Challenge of democracy in Africa Predict what South Africa was like during Apartheid.

  27. Affect of Colonial Rule • South Africa was racially divided • White minority ruled the black majority • Blacks were denied rights

  28. Apartheid in South Africa 1948 • Controlled by Afrikaners: • Instituted apartheid • separation of the races • control by the whites • Mask of Apartheid: • People outside South Africa thought it was just segregation • Different peoples prefer to live with their own kind • Reality • ruthless control over millions of people to guarantee power for the privileged few

  29. Bell Work • Read : “What apartheid meant for blacks.” OR • Read : “What apartheid meant for whites.” • Fill in your half of the chart with examples

  30. To Do: • Put examples on the board – discuss as a class • Answer the last question in groups • Video Clip: Power of One • 1:12:54 – deal for fight • 1:18:07 – Alexandria – fight • 1:24:53 – Maria • 1:27:08 – morning run (4 minutes)

  31. Bell Work: • The most potent weapon of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed • Steven Biko

  32. Black South Africans Resist • 1912 – African National Congress is formed • By Black South Africans • Fight for their rights • Organized strikes and boycotts • To protest racist policies

  33. TO DO: • Read : “1976: Soweto Riots” OR • Read : “The Sharpeville Massacre” • Answers the questions in your note packet

  34. The Sharpeville Massacre – 1960 • Who? • African men • Why? • Protest pass laws • Leave passes at home • Get arrested, no labor left • Describe: • Police officer was pushed • Police open fire without an order • Protesters thought they were blanks • Massive crowd made it hard to flee • Outcome: • 69 dead, 180 bullet wounds • None of the police involved were convicted • Said they were being stoned and the crowd was armed • Legislation was introduced to outlaw ANC & PAC • More riots • Nelson Mandela (ANC leader) sentenced to life in prison • Shocked?

  35. The Soweto Riots1976 Who? 20,000 Students Why? Forced to learn in Afrikaans Fired or expelled if rules were ignored Describe: Police fired tear gas into the crowd Fired on all students ; all ages, unarmed (See reading) Outcome: 360 blacks killed Government crackdown on protests Steven Biko, protest leader, sent to prison Students didn’t give up Signaled the beginning of the end of apartheid Shocked?

  36. Mandela video (6min) • http://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017

  37. To do: • Read: “Struggle for Democracy” • Fill in the top 4 boxes in your notes • Read the poem: “Invictus” • Underline lines that you think are interesting

  38. The world finds out…. • South Africa could not hide behind the mask forever • How does the information get out??? • Listen to the song, “Biko” • What does this say about the struggle in Africa? • Do you think this helps get help for South Africans? • Biko

  39. Struggle for Democracy • Leaders of change • Desmond Tutu – economic campaign • Asked foreign nations not to do business with SA • Many nations imposed trade restrictions • Also banned from the Olympic Games • Nobel Peace prize in 1984 – for non violence • F.W. de Klerk • 1989 – elected President • 1990 – legalized ANC & freed Mandela • Parliament followed his lead • Repealed some apartheid laws

  40. Other Barriers remain • Multi-racial government • De Klerk agreed to first universal elections • April 1994 • De Klerk, Mandela & Inkatha Freedom Party • Mandela won – 63% of the vote • New constitution • 1996 – more democratic constitution • Bill of Rights • Hope for the future

  41. Videos • Mandela Biography (6:50) • Invictus Trailer (2:30)

  42. Bell Work • Potential is universal, opportunity is not. • Wes Moore • Poem: “Invictus” • What did you think are interesting

  43. To Do: • Start Invictus • From start to 27 minutes • Kid refuses the Springbox jersey • Fill in Day One on Reading Guide • Turn in if time, otherwise turn in Day one & day Two tomorrow.

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