Chapter 14

1. Chapter 14 The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur Day 1

2. Day 1

3. Homework • Complete Chapter 15 by Nov. 18/19 • Essay #2 Due. Collect. • Day 1 – Nov. 16/17 • Chapter 15 Cornell Notes completed by Nov. 18/19. • Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Comparing Feudalisms (Due Nov. 18/19) • Day 2 – Nov. 18/19 • Chapter 15 Cornell Notes completed. • Chapter 16 Cornell Notes completed by Nov. 18/19.

4. Website Project

5. Website Project Groups and Region Requests 7 groups of 8. 4 in period 2 and 3 in period 8. Regions Available: Africa/Middle East/Muslim Empires East Asia Southeast Asia/Polynesia South Asia Latin America Western Europe/Western World Eastern Europe/Russia

6. The last nomadic empire in Eurasia

7. The last nomadic empire in Eurasia The Mongol Empire, the final attempt by Asian nomadic peoples to control major land areas, lasted for almost 150 years and stretched ultimately from China to eastern Europe. The Mongols established peace, maintained a tolerant government over its territories, and fostered a Eurasian-wide system of trade and cultural exchange.

8. The last nomadic empire in Eurasia • The Mongol Empire began to collapse after rebellions in China. • In the 1360s, Timur-i Lang attempted to reestablish the Mongol Empire, but instead his forces laid waste to large areas of the Middle East, India, and southern Russia. • Timur-i Lang: Last major nomad leader; 14th-century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405. • One unforeseen result of the Mongol Empire was the rise to power of Moscow in Russia.

9. Evaluate how the Mongol conquests can be said to have brought an end to the postclassical civilizations in eastern Europe, western Europe, and Islam.

10. Mongol conquests end the postclassical civilizations in eastern Europe, western Europe, and Islam. • In eastern Europe, the conquests marked the end of Kievan dominance. • The political balance shifted to Moscow as it took up chief resistance to Mongol rule. • The religious center also moved to Moscow. • The moves marked the beginning of Russian political centralization.

11. Mongol conquests end the postclassical civilizations in eastern Europe, western Europe, and Islam. For Byzantium, the Mongol conquests meant the opening of Ottoman dominance in Asia Minor and the eventual loss of Constantinople. The Mongol influence in western Europe had a limited direct effect as the conquest was quickly halted. An important indirect effect was facilitating transmission of the Black Death to western Europe.

12. Mongol conquests end the postclassical civilizations in eastern Europe, western Europe, and Islam. • The conquests marked the end of the western European postclassical period: • the opening of trade with the East marked the beginning of the aggressive Western commerce typical of the early modem period. • For Islam, the conquests ended Abbasid and other minor dynastic rule. • They opened the path for the political division of the Islamic heartland between the Ottomans and Mamluks. • Mamluks: Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars; defeated Mongols at AinJalut in 1260.

13. Appraise the proposition that the Mongol era was an extension of the incursions of nomadic peoples into the affairs of sedentary civilizations. In what sense was it a civilization in its own right?

14. In what sense was it a civilization in its own right? • Mongol khanates remained dependent on tribal organization and herding. • Khanates: Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. • They attempted to maintain their separateness as a people with nomadic cultural patterns. • Even in China under the Yuan dynasty, strict efforts were made to uphold cultural differences.

15. In what sense was it a civilization in its own right? • Their control of trade was typical of nomadic incursions; so was the limited period of Yuan rule and use of cities. • Chinggis Khan established a uniquely Mongol administration for an empire based on such Islamic and Chinese precedents as: • a universal legal code • adoption of a Mongol script • maintenance of empire-wide peace • promotion of commerce and travel

16. Independent/Group Study Time End of Day 1 Conflict Analysis: Mongol conquering and occupation of Russia Change Analysis: Effect of Mongols on Islamic cultures Societal Comparison: Mongols versus any society they conquered Document Analysis: European assessment of the virtues and vices of the Mongols Inner/Outer Circle: Why were the Mongols successful in controlling so much territory?

17. Day 2

18. Homework • Complete Chapter 16 by Nov. 18/19 • Day 2 – Nov. 18/19 • Chapter 15 Cornell Notes completed. • Chapter 16 Cornell Notes completed by Nov. 18/19.

19. Website Project

20. PRACTICE FOR THE AP EXAM

21. PRACTICE FOR THE AP EXAM In addition to a strong thesis statement, the introductory paragraph should contain a brief explanation of any key theme or complex idea contained in the thesis as well as a quick listing of the organizational points that the student will use to structure and present the data to defend his or her thesis.

22. PRACTICE FOR THE AP EXAM The list is usually based on one of the following: • key personalities • key events or legislation • main ideas • overall categories of evidence • Political • Socioeconomic • Foreign policy • and so on… • or noted contradictions or comparisons

23. ASSESSMENT Take out a sheet of paper, write the following question at the top of it and begin brainstorming.

24. ASSESSMENT In what sense can the Mongol conquests be said to have brought an end to the postclassical civilizations in eastern Europe, western Europe, and the Middle East? Spend three minutes brainstorming words, ideas, and facts that would help you answer the question. Go.

25. ASSESSMENT • STOP Brainstorming! • Making an outline of the information before writing the thesis statement. • You will not have time to recopy your lists in outline form, so you will have to improvise. • You can use numerals to number the ideas in the order in which you think the information will make the most sense and best support your thesis. • Write a thesis statement that can be supported using the brainstorming list. • Discuss your thesis statement with your neighbor, evaluating for clarity and content.

26. Practice #2

27. ASSESSMENT In what sense was the Mongol era simply an extension of the incursions of previous nomadic peoples into sedentary civilizations and in what sense was it a civilization in its own right? Spend three minutes brainstorming words, ideas, and facts that would help you answer the question. Go.

28. ASSESSMENT • STOP Brainstorming! • Making an outline of the information before writing the thesis statement. • You will not have time to recopy your lists in outline form, so you will have to improvise. • You can use numerals to number the ideas in the order in which you think the information will make the most sense and best support your thesis. • Write a thesis statement that can be supported using the brainstorming list. • Discuss your thesis statement with your neighbor, evaluating for clarity and content.

29. Chapter 14 Essay Test Take out a new clean sheet of paper to be turned in separately.

30. Chapter 14 Essay Test The comparative question from the 2005 AP world history exam was on the effects of Mongol rule. Your Chapter 14 Unit Test will be on the same question with the same time limits. The question is on the following slide. Take out a sheet of paper and something to write with. You will have 40 minutes for planning and writing. Any questions?

31. Directions: You are to answer the following question. You should spend five minutes organizing or outlining your essay. Write an essay that: • Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence. • Addresses all parts of the question. • Makes direct, relevant comparisons. • Compare and contrast the political and economic effects of Mongol rule on TWO of the following regions: China Middle East Russia