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HSHM 447b/HIST 483b History of Chinese Science

HSHM 447b/HIST 483b History of Chinese Science. Rivers of China. Huang He (Yellow River) in North) Heilungjiang (Black Dragon River, Amur) in North Yalu River (Northeast) border with Korea Chang Jiang (Yangtze) (Long River) in Middle of China Zhu Jiang (Pearl River) in South

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HSHM 447b/HIST 483b History of Chinese Science

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  1. HSHM 447b/HIST 483bHistory of Chinese Science

  2. Rivers of China • Huang He (Yellow River) in North) • Heilungjiang (Black Dragon River, Amur) in North • Yalu River (Northeast) border with Korea • Chang Jiang (Yangtze) (Long River) in Middle of China • Zhu Jiang (Pearl River) in South • Li Jiang (Li River) in South • Mekong in West (S. through VN)

  3. Asian Languages (in a nutshell) • Altaic Group • Turkic; Mongolian; Tungus • Northeast Asia Group • Korean; Japanese • Sino-Tibetan Group • Tibeto-Burmese; Thai; Miao-Yao; Chinese • Austro-Asiatic Group • Khymer; Cham; Mon • Malayo-Polynesian Group • Malay; Javanese; Taiwanese

  4. Chinese Language Tips • No sound such as in English “at”. • Thus: Tang does NOT rhyme with “bang” or “hang”. The vowel sounds as in “say aaahhh”, or “mama” • “e” sounds as “uh” in “duh” (Pinyin) • Thus: Deng is sounded as “dung” • Surnames are positioned first • Thus, Mao Zedong is Mr. Mao. His personal name is Zedong. Or as in “Bush Georgewalker”

  5. Romanizations of Chinese • Pinyin (“spells the sound”) modern PRC: X, q problems • Wade-Giles (much English scholarship): hs and ch’ problems • Yale • Needham: thh problems • French and German systems

  6. Pinyin and Wade-Giles Comparisons

  7. Evolution of Chinese Scripts

  8. Shang Dynasty Oracle Bones

  9. Qing Dynasty stele with scripts in several languages

  10. Periodization in Chinese History • Traditionally by Dynasty • Historical dynasties starting ~1766 BCE • Prior “legendary dynasties” • Dynastic concept based on ruler-heaven legitimacy theory • By Socio-political movements/events • Expansionism, agriculture, trade • By Outside events • Invading, non-Chinese rulers • Responses to Western contacts/confrontations • By Intellectual/Philosophical currents • Confucianism/Daoism/Buddhism • Western Science and technology

  11. Key Dynastic Landmarks • Shang Dynasty (1765 - 1122 BCE) • Zhou Dynasty (1122 - 256 BCE) • Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) • Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 CE) • Sung Dynasty (960 – 1279 CE) • Yuan Dynasty (1271 – 1367 CE) • Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644 CE) • Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1911 CE) • Republic (1912 – 1949 CE) • People’s Republic (1949 – present)

  12. Shang Bronze Vessel

  13. Han Dynasty Prancing Horse

  14. Fancy Goldfish

  15. Peony Varieties

  16. Sung Dynasty Celadon Bowl

  17. Tang Dynasty Horse

  18. Ming DynastyVase

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