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BIO 3220

BIO 3220 . COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Thank you to McGraw-Hill and Dr. Anil Rao (MSCD) for use of PowerPoint illustrations. Basic Definitions. Anatomy Morphology. Phylogeny – Evolutionary History. Paleontology Functional Adaptation Comparative Morphology Embryology. Homology.

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BIO 3220

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  1. BIO 3220 COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Thank you to McGraw-Hill and Dr. Anil Rao (MSCD) for use of PowerPoint illustrations

  2. Basic Definitions • Anatomy • Morphology

  3. Phylogeny – Evolutionary History • Paleontology • Functional Adaptation • Comparative Morphology • Embryology

  4. Homology • Shared common ancestry • Same embryonic precursor

  5. Analogy • Shared function • Insect wings & bird wings • Gills & lungs

  6. Homoplasy/Homoplastic Organs • Shared anatomy • Generally, not homologous • E.g. Insect wings vs. leaf

  7. Key Points • Homology • Analogy • Homoplasy

  8. Form vs. Function • Function, then form • Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection • Adaptation • Form, then function • Preadaptation

  9. Evolution • Random chance mutations, coupled with geographic isolation leads to… • Change in gene frequency in a population

  10. Divergent Evolution • Related • Present species evolved from common ancestor

  11. Convergent Evolution • Not closely related • Dissimilar features evolved to become similar features

  12. Parallel Evolution • Related & Isolated • Corresponding features undergo equivalent changes in isolated environments

  13. Organic Evolution • Present day species are descendants of previous species • Changes that have taken place in plants & animals over time

  14. Vestigial Structures • Phylogenetic remnant • Better developed in ancestor • E.g. pelvic girdle in python

  15. Key Point • Can you think of a vestigial structure in humans?

  16. Rudimentary Structure • More developed in descendant • E.g. neck, ear

  17. Ontogeny • An individual’s life history • Fertilization to death • Influenced by environment as well as genetics • Structures earliest to develop are likely the oldest phylogenetically

  18. Heterochrony • Paedogenesis • Gonads develop quicikly • Paedomorphosis • Immature features of ancestor become features of future SPECIES • Neoteny • Immature features are retained as an adult in the INDIVIDUAL

  19. paedomorphosis

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