1 / 55

Splash Screen

Splash Screen. World Population. Population growth and distribution influence where people live and how they change the natural environment. Section 1-GTR. World Population. death rate. doubling time population distribution population density. birthrate natural increase migration

hyman
Download Presentation

Splash Screen

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Splash Screen

  2. World Population Population growth and distribution influence where people live and how they change the natural environment. Section 1-GTR

  3. World Population • death rate • doubling time • population distribution • population density • birthrate • natural increase • migration • demographic transition Section 1-GTR

  4. Population Growth Population growth varies from country to country and is influenced by cultural ideas, migration, and level of development. • Nearly 7.1 billion people now live on Earth, inhabiting about 30 percent of the planet’s land. • Global population is growing rapidly and is expected to reach 9 billion by the year 2050. • Demography: The study of populations Section 1

  5. Population Growth (cont.) • The Demographic Transition Model • The demographic transition model uses birthrates and death rates to show changes in the population trends of a country or region. • Most of the industrialized and technologically developed countries have reached zero population growth, in which the birthrate and death rate are equal. The Demographic Transition Model Section 1

  6. Population Growth (cont.) • Rapid population growth presents many challenges to the global community: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Section 1

  7. Population Growth (cont.) • Countries, such as Hungary and Germany, have experienced negative population growth, in which the annual death rate exceeds the annual birthrate. Section 1

  8. Population Distribution World population distribution is uneven and isinfluenced by migration and the Earth’s physical geography. • Only about 30% of Earth is land. • Almost everyone on Earth lives on a little less than one-third of the planet’s land. Section 1

  9. Population Distribution (cont.) • Population Density • To determine population density in a country, geographers divide the total population of the country by its total land area. • This does not account for uneven population distribution. World Population Density Section 1

  10. World at Night (2000)

  11. Population Distribution (cont.) • Population Movement • Many people are moving to urban areas, this is called Urbanization. • Push/Pull Factors are reasons people migrate to a new area. • Immigrants: People who move into an area. • Emigrants: People who leave (exit) an area. Section 1

  12. Population Growth (cont.) • List some Push/Pull Factors: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Section 1

  13. Section 1-End

  14. Global Cultures The spatial interaction of cultures can spread new ideas, establish trading relationships, cause wars, and build political partnerships. Section 2-GTR

  15. Global Cultures • culture • cultural diffusion • culture hearth • language family • ethnic group • culture region Section 2-GTR

  16. Elements of Culture Geographers divide the Earth into culture regions, which are defined by the presence of common elements such as language and religion. • A particular culture can be understood by looking at the following elements: • Language • Religion World Language Families Section 2

  17. Elements of Culture (cont.) • Social Groups • Government and Economy • Culture Regions World Culture Regions Section 2

  18. Cultural Change Internal and external forces change cultures over time. • The Agricultural Revolution • The shift from hunting and gathering food to producing food is known as the Agricultural Revolution. • Some of the farming villages evolved into civilizations. Section 2

  19. Cultural Change (cont.) • The world’s first civilizations arose in culture hearths. • The most influential culture hearths developed in areas that make up the modern countries of: • Egypt • Iraq • Pakistan • China • Mexico World Culture Hearths Section 2

  20. Cultural Change (cont.) • They have certain geographic features in common: • Mild climate • Fertile land • Located near a major river or source of water Section 2

  21. Cultural Change (cont.) • Cultural contact among different civilizations promoted cultural change as ideas and practices spread through trade and travel. Section 2

  22. Cultural Change (cont.) • Industrial and Information Revolutions • In the late 1700s and 1800s some countries experienced the Industrial Revolution, which led to social changes. • At the end of the 1900s, the information revolution opened doors for experiencing new cultures. Section 2

  23. Section 2-End

  24. Political and Economical Systems Political and economic systems provide the organization and power for groups of people to control Earth’s surface. Section 3-GTR

  25. Political and Economical Systems • unitary system • democracy • traditional economy • market economy • mixed economy • command economy • federal system • autocracy • monarchy • oligarchy Section 3-GTR

  26. Features of Government Territory, population, and sovereignty influence levels and types of governments in countries around the world. • Levels of government • Most countries have several levels of government, ranging from the national level to the village level. Section 3

  27. Features of Government (cont.) • Two types of government systems are: • Unitary—the United Kingdom and France use this system. • Federal—the United States, Canada and Switzerland are three of many countries that use this system. Section 3

  28. Features of Government (cont.) • All governments belong to one of three major groups: • Autocracy—rule by one person • A monarchy is another form of autocratic government. • Oligarchy—rule by a few people • Democracy—rule by many people Section 3

  29. Economic Systems The three major economic systems are traditional economy, market economy, and command economy. • All economic systems must make three basic economic decisions: • What and how many goods and services should be produced Section 3

  30. Economic Systems (cont.) • How should they be produced • Who gets the goods and services that are produced • These decisions are made differently in the three major economic systems: • Traditional—habit and custom determine the rules. • Market—this economy is based on free enterprise, the idea that private individuals or groups have the right to own property or businesses and make a profit with only limited government interference. Section 3

  31. Economic Systems (cont.) • Most market economies are actually mixed economies. • Command—the government controls the economy is this system. Section 3

  32. Economic Systems (cont.) • Two types of command economies: • Communist—strict government control of the entire society • Socialist—three main goals of this type of economy: • An equitable distribution of wealth and economic opportunity • Society’s control, through its government, makes decisions about public goods. • Public ownership of services and factories that are essential. Section 3

  33. Section 3-End

  34. Resources, Trade, and the Environment Although people are dependent on the world’s natural resources for survival, certain economic activities can threaten humans’ future access to these resources. Section 4-GTR

  35. Resources, Trade, and the Environment • natural resource • developing country • free trade • pollution • industrialization • developed country • newly industrialized country Section 4-GTR

  36. Resource Management Natural resources must be managed to ensure future needs. • Because fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, and other nonrenewable resources cannot be replaced, they must be conserved. Section 4

  37. Resource Management (cont.) • Alternative energy sources: • Hydroelectric power • Solar energy • Nuclear energy The Global Economy Section 4

  38. Economies and World Trade Countries with varying levels of economic development have become increasingly interdependent through world trade. • Geographers and economists classify all of the world’s economic activities into four types: • Primary economic activities—taking or using natural resources directly from the Earth Section 4

  39. Economies and World Trade (cont.) • Secondary economic activities—raw materials are used to produce something new and more valuable. • Tertiary economic activities—provide services to people and businesses • Quaternary economic activities—the processing, management, and distribution of information The Global Economy Section 4

  40. Economies and World Trade (cont.) • Factors affecting trade: • The unequal distribution of natural resources • Differences in labor costs • Differences in education levels Section 4

  41. Economies and World Trade (cont.) • Barriers to trade: • Tariffs • Embargos • A quota on the quantity of a product that can be imported from a country • Many governments around the world have moved toward free trade. World Economic Trends Section 4

  42. People and the Environment Economic activities have led to environmental pollution. • The water, land, and air have all been polluted due to human activity. • When humans harm natural ecosystems, they are also hurting themselves. Section 4

  43. Section 4-End

  44. Figure 1

  45. Figure 2

  46. Figure 4

  47. Figure 5

  48. Figure 6

  49. Figure 7

  50. Figure 8

More Related