1 / 51

In everyday life, we attempt to achieve as much speed as possible.

In everyday life, we attempt to achieve as much speed as possible. Stairs. V.S. Elevator/ Lift. Hand Wash. V.S. Washing Machine. Knife. V.S. Blender. Things that speed things up. Chemical Reactions. A. B. C. D. X. Z. Y. So what are those that speed up the reaction called?.

iain
Download Presentation

In everyday life, we attempt to achieve as much speed as possible.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. In everyday life, we attempt to achieve as much speed as possible.

  2. Stairs V.S Elevator/ Lift

  3. Hand Wash V.S Washing Machine

  4. Knife V.S Blender

  5. Things that speed things up

  6. Chemical Reactions A B C D X Z Y

  7. So what are those that speed up the reaction called?

  8. Catalyst Definition: A catalyst is a substance which can alter or speed up a chemical reaction, without itself being chemically changed at the end of the reaction.

  9. Decomposition of Potassium chlorate (VII) decompose into white crystalline substance Potassium chloride Oxygen DecompositionThe breakdown of a complex substance into simpler substances

  10. Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate (VII) 2 KCIO3 2 KCI 3 O2 heated to more Potassium chlorate (VII) Potassium chloride Oxygen than 400 ºC 2 KCIO3 2 KCI 3 O2 CATALYST Manganese (IV) oxide Potassium chlorate (VII) Potassium chloride Oxygen Gentle heating

  11. Without manganese (IV) oxide With manganese (IV) oxide Temperature Without manganese (IV) oxide With manganese (IV) oxide Rate of oxygen production Manganese (IV) oxide is a catalyst

  12. Catalysts Inorganic Catalysts E.g. manganese (IV) oxide Organic / Biological Catalysts

  13. So what are organic/ biological catalysts?

  14. Enzymes

  15. I. Introduction to Enzyme …

  16. What are Enzymes • Biological catalysts • Made of Protein • Made in the cytoplasm under instruction from genes which are located on the chromosomes in the nucleus.

  17. What are Enzymes Definition: Enzymes are biological catalysts made of protein which speed up the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being changed at the end of the reactions.

  18. So what chemical reactions do the enzymes catalyse?

  19. Chemical Reactions Enzyme Catalyse • Build up substances (Anabolic Reaction) A Enzyme B C • Break down substances (Catabolic Reaction) Enzyme Z X Y

  20. Chemical Reactions Enzyme Catalyse • Reversible Reactions Enzyme A B C D

  21. Build up Substances (Anabolic Reactions) Enzyme C A B Definition: Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones.

  22. Build up Substances (Anabolic Reactions) A Enzyme C B Examples Building Protein from Amino Acids Amino Acids Polypeptides Protein Building glycogen from glucose. Glucose Glycogen

  23. Breakdown of Substances (Catabolic Reactions) X Enzyme Y Z Definition: Breaking down of large, complex molecules into simpler ones.

  24. Breakdown of Substances (Catabolic Reactions) X Z Y Enzyme Examples Breakdown of Glucose during Respiration Breakdown of poisonous substances to harmless substances (Detoxification) Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen Catalase (poisonous substance) (non-poisonous substances)

  25. Chemical Reactions Enzyme Catalyse Recall Condensation Hydrolysis Two simple molecules One complex molecule H20 hydrolase synthetase H20 One complex molecule Two simple molecules

  26. Chemical Reactions Enzyme Catalyse • Reversible Reactions Enzyme A B C D Definition: Reactions that proceed in the forward or backward reaction.

  27. Chemical Reactions Enzyme Catalyse • Reversible Reactions Enzyme A B C D

  28. With so much chemical reactions and enzymes around the world, how do we differentiate them?

  29. Classification of Enzymes Enzymes can be classified according to chemical reactions they catalyse: Example: Hydrolysis – hydrolaseSynthesis – synthetase For instance Carbohydrases, proteases and lipases are digestive enzymes. Digestion is an example of hydrolysis. Carbohydrases, proteases and lipases are classified as hydrolases.

  30. Now, how do we name the Enzymes?

  31. ENZYME

  32. Naming of Enzymes • At first, they were named after scientists that discover them. • Enzymes are named after the substrate on which they act and with a suffix “-ase”.

  33. Naming of Enzymes • Substrates based on the Type of Nutrient • (Carbohydrate, Proteins, Fats) • Specific names for each type of nutrient

  34. I. Name that Enzyme !!! Carbohydrate ase -ase Substrate Name+

  35. Naming of Enzymes Specific Carbohydrate (names ending with “ose”) Will have their ending of “ose” being replaced with “ase”.

  36. I. Name that Enzyme !!! Maltose ase -ase Substrate Name +

  37. I. Name that Enzyme !!! Cellulose ase

  38. I. Name that Enzyme !!! Starch Amylase ase

  39. I. Name that Enzyme !!! Protein ase Substrate Name + -ase

  40. Naming of Enzymes Specific Protein Names will have “in” as endings. Pepsin Renin Proteins to polypeptides Polypeptides to amino acids

  41. I. Name that Enzyme !!! Lipid ase -ase Substrate Name+

  42. EnzymeS Activity: What substrate/ type of nutrient does the enzyme target?

  43. Maltase

  44. Renin

  45. Amylase

  46. Lipase

  47. Erepsin

  48. Hydrolase

  49. Synthetase

More Related