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Korean Initiatives on Biotechnology: Challenges and Opportunities

Korean Initiatives on Biotechnology: Challenges and Opportunities. Expert Group Meeting, BINASIA 29-30 April, 2004 Bangkok, Thailand Sang Ki Rhee, Ph.D. Project Coordinator, BINASIA Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology. Biotechnology Calendar.

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Korean Initiatives on Biotechnology: Challenges and Opportunities

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  1. Korean Initiatives on Biotechnology:Challenges and Opportunities Expert Group Meeting, BINASIA 29-30 April, 2004 Bangkok, Thailand Sang Ki Rhee, Ph.D. Project Coordinator, BINASIA Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology

  2. Biotechnology Calendar • In the 1980s : Implementing stage • 1982 Korea Biotechnology Research Association was founded. • 1983 Biotechnology Promotion Law was enacted. • 1985 KRIBB was founded. • In the 1990s : Take-off stage • 1991 Bioindustry Association of Korea was founded. • 1992 HAN Project was launched. • 1994 Biotech 2000 Program (Phase I) was initiated. • 1994 “The Year of Biotechnology” was declared. • 1998 Biotech 2000 Program (Phase II) was launched • In the 2000s : Leaping-up stage • 2000 Frontier Research Program was launched. • 2001 “The Year of Biotechnology” was designated • 2002 Biotech 2000 Program (Phase III) was launched. Biotechnology in Korea

  3. National Initiatives (I) • Background • Korea recognized in early 1980s that biotechnology would emerge as a key discipline for the nation’s economic growth in the 21st century. • Its policy makers support biotechnology with the highest priority for R&D investment in order to level up the nation’s competitiveness. • The Korean government recently unveiled a major initiative to boost scientific R&D focusing on biotechnology. • National technology road map (NTRM) for biotechnology was set up in 2002 Biotechnology in Korea

  4. National Initiatives (II) • Implementation • The government’s investment on biotechnology has increased dramatically since 2000. (growth rate: 19.8% in 2003) • The ratio between biotechnology and total R&D expenditure by the government has been increasing. - Biotechnology: 3.5% (’94) → 8% (‘01) → 10% (’03) - Average growth rate (’98-’01): biotechnology 46%, total R&D 19.4% • The implementing policy: “Selection and focus” • The policy has changed from unit projects in small scale for application and development to long term large scale projects for platform and research since 2000. Biotechnology in Korea

  5. Biotech 2000 : Overview • Objective: to place Korea’s biotechnological capability at the world’s top level. • Set up by the Korean government • Duration: 1994 ∼ 2007 (14 years) • Investment: Total US$14.3 bil.(Public US$5.5bil./Private US$8.8bil.) - Phase I (’94-’97): US$1.5 bil.(Public US$ 482mil./Private US$ 1.0bil.) - Phase II (‘98-’01): US$2.3 bil.(Public US$ 720mil./Private US$ 1.6bil) - Phase III (‘02-’07): US$10.5 bil.(Public US$ 4.3bil/Private US$ 6.2bil) • Participating Agencies (7 Ministries, coordinated by MOST) - Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) - Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) - Ministry of Education and HRD (MOEHRD) - Ministry of Environment (MOE) - Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MOAF) - Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) - Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF) Biotechnology in Korea

  6. National Committee for Biotechnology & Bioindustry R&D Support Industrialization Support MOST MOCIE • National Programs • Infrastructure • TRM • Industrial Platform Technol. • Commercialization MOEHRD • HRD • Creative Basic Research Industrial Applications MOAF MOHW MOE MOMAF Medical Biotech Environ. Biotech Marine Biotech Agro- Biotech Biotech 2000 : Operating Structure (I) Biotechnology in Korea

  7. National Committee for Biotechnology & Bioindustry • MOST, MOCIE, MOEHRD, MOHW, MOE, MOAF, MOMAF Industry Research Institutions Academia Biotech 2000 : Operating Structure (II) Korea Biotechnology Research Association Bioindustry Association of Korea Korea Bioventure Association Private Companies Universities Research Centers (SRC, ERC, RRC, MRC) National Research Laboratories Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Other governmental or public research institutions Biotechnology in Korea

  8. Phase Objective To establish a scientific foundation for the development of novel biotechnology I(1994~1997) To develop platform technology and improve industrial R&D capability II(1998~2001) To increase the commercializing capability and expand the nation’s world market share of domestic bioproducts to 5 % III(2002~2007) Biotech 2000 : Strategic Objectives Biotechnology in Korea

  9. (Unit : U$ mil.) Phase III (2002-2007) Phase I (‘94-’97) Phase II (‘98-’01) Agency Total Sub (Unit : U$ mil.) MOST 269 317 172 207 269 340 408 496 1,892 2,478 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total MOEHRD 25 32 35 43 57 71 86 104 396 453 MOAF 90 135 48 60 79 99 119 145 550 775 MOCIE 21 141 53 71 93 117 141 171 646 808 MOHW 56 47 51 69 89 112 135 164 620 723 MOE 11 36 10 12 16 20 24 30 112 159 MOMAF 10 12 8 9 12 16 19 23 87 109 Total 482 720 377 471 615 775 932 1,133 4,303 5,505 Biotech 2000 : Investment • The government spent U$ 482 million for R&D during the Phase I, and U$ 720 million during the Phase II. • In the Phase III, the total investment is expected to increase substantially to U$ 4,303 million. Biotechnology in Korea

  10. Role Supports for R&D activities from basic science to application Major Programs • G-7 Project (HAN Project) • 21C Frontier Science Program Ministry of Science and Technology (I) • G-7 Project • Duration: 1992-2001, Total Budget: U$ 193 million • Main Area: Screening of lead compounds and commercialization • 21C Frontier Science Program • Supports core science and emerging technologies for 21st century • Duration: 2000-2010, Total Budget: U$ 3.6 billion • Main Areas: • - Functional analysis of human, microbial and crop genomes • - Biodiversity of indigenous plants • - Stem cell biology and therapeutic applications • - Proteomics research • - High throughput screening of novel compounds for bioregulators • using structural biology and pharmacogenomics Biotechnology in Korea

  11. Role Supports for R&D activities ranging basic science to application Major Programs • National R&D Program • Basic Life Science Promotion Program Ministry of Science and Technology (II) • National R&D Programs • Duration: 2003-2012, Total Budget: U$ 600 million • Main Areas: • - BioDiscovery Program (Screening and development of new drugs ) • - BioChallenge Program (Preclinical studies and commercialization of biodrugs) • - BioFusion Program (Integrated technology with IT and NT) • - BioInfra Program (National Genome Information Center) • Basic Life Science Promotion Program • Supports for basic life science programs • Duration: 1978- • Main Area: SRC, ERC, RRC, MRC Biotechnology in Korea

  12. Role Builds infrastructure for industrialization and commercialization Major Programs Industrial Platform Technology Development Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy • Industrial Platform Technology Development • Develops common platform technology, mid-term core technology and technology for next generation • Duration: 1992~ , Total Budget: U$ 808 million • Main Areas: - Development of processes for bioenergy production - Development of biosensors, BIOMEMS, Biomimics • Development of DNA microarrays and protein chips (Lab-on-a-chip) • Cell culture technology for therapeutic proteins • Infrastructure (GMP, Bioclusters) Biotechnology in Korea

  13. Role Supports for the development of HR in biotechnology Major Programs Brain Korea 21 Program Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development • Brain Korea 21 Program • Duration: 1999-2005, Total Budget: U$ 150 million • Major Areas: • - Human resources development in higher learning and industrial skills • - Reform of higher education programs • - Upgrade of graduate research infrastructure in biotechnology Biotechnology in Korea

  14. Role Supports for the development of biotechnology in public health and medical sectors Major Programs Medical Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Ministry of Health and Welfare • Medical Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals • Duration: 1997-2010, Total Budget: U$ 900 million • Major Areas: • - Prevention, diagnosis, and treatments of diseases to improve public health • - Development of new drugs • - Development of vaccines, anti-aging and anti-cancer new drugs • - Analysis of Korean genome types • - Neurobiology and brain research (Braintech 21) • - Gene therapy Biotechnology in Korea

  15. Role Supports for R&D in agrobiotechnology and horticulture Major Programs BioGreen 21 Program Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry • BioGreen 21 Program • Duration: 1994-2011, Total Budget: U$ 1 billion • Major Areas: • - Collection, assessment, preservation of genetic resources of biodiversity • - Development of breeding technology for transgenic animals and plants • - Research on animal and plant genomics • - Biosafety issues on GMOs • - Biodiversity and Bioprospecting Biotechnology in Korea

  16. Role Supports for R&D in environmental biotechnology Major Programs Environmental Biotechnology Promotion Program Ministry of Environment • Environmental Biotechnology Promotion Program • Duration: 2001-2010, Total Budget: U$ 116 million • Major Areas: • -Screening and isolation of environmental microbes • - Bioremediation - Development of biosensors for monitoring of environmental pollutants • - Conservation of natural environment and sustainable development Biotechnology in Korea

  17. Role Supports for R&D in marine biotechnology and aquaculture Major Programs Marine Biotechnology and Aquaculture Technology Promotion Programs Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries • Marine Biotechnology and Aquaculture Technology Promotion Programs • Duration: 1999-2010, Total Budget: U$ 100 million • Major Areas: • - Bioprospecting from marine bioresources • - Search and utilization of polar biodiversity • - Development of transgenic fishes • - Development of new aquaculture technology • - Screening of marine GMOs Biotechnology in Korea

  18. Bioindustry • Domestic biotechnology market (Unit: US mil.) • Types of business • Korea vs. World (as of 2000) Biotechnology in Korea

  19. Investment in Bioindustry • Total R&D spending in bioindustry (Unit : U$ mil.) • Investment plans - CJ: U$ 1.4 bil. for R&D for 5 years (2001-2005) - Samsung Fine Chemicals: U$ 300 mil. for R&D for 3 years (2001-2003) - LGCI: U$ 50 mil. invested to bioventures in 2000 - SK Global: U$ 35 mil. invested to bioventures in 2000 - Hanwha Chemical Co.: U$ 50 mil. for R&D in 2000 - Hansol: U$ 150 mil. for R&D from 2000 to 2006 - Isu Chemical : U$ 150 mil. for R&D in the period of 2000 -2005 Biotechnology in Korea

  20. Bioventures • Government’s initiative to boost bioventure business - MOCIE pushes a 5-year program to encourage the bioventure business. It earmarked a U$ 30 mil. fund in FY 2000's budget to develop the infrastructure needed by bioventure start-ups. - Focusing on commercialization of biotechnology, the Korean government announced a package that envisages to create 600 bioventures by 2003 and to expand the number to 1,000 by 2007. • Current status and prospects of bioventures in Korea Biotechnology in Korea

  21. Facts and Status : the Success Story • Amino acids : 20 % share of world market in 2000 (U$ 75 million) • Ryfamycin : 10% share of world market in 2000 (U$ 7.5 million) • Hepatitis B Vaccine : Developed in 1987 by Korea Green Cross Corp. World market share was rapidly increased (40% in 1999) • Recombinant human growth hormone : Developed by LG Chemical Ltd. Technology transferred to SmithKline Beecham of U.K. in 1990. • First domestic new drug, Sunpla, for anticancer: Developed in 1997 by SK Chemicals and approved by KFDA. Technology transferred to Johnson & Johnson Co. • First global new drug, Factive, for anti-infectious diseases : Developed by LGCI and approved by FDA in 2003. • About 300 new drugs are under development. Among them, 23 new drugs are in progress or in completion of clinical trials for FDA approval. Biotechnology in Korea

  22. Manpower in Biotechnology • By distribution • By degrees Biotechnology in Korea

  23. Patents & Publications • Publications in SCI journals ( in genomics and proteomics) • US patents registered Biotechnology in Korea

  24. Biosafety Issues - In 2000, more than 130 countries including Korea reached an agreement to adopt the Biosafety Protocol which applies to the transboundary movement, transit, handling and use of all LMOs. • Background - TheKorean government set up an interministrial committee to assess the safety of LMO products in 2000. - The Act for trans-boundary movement of LMOs was enacted in 2001. • Governmental agencies in charge Biotechnology in Korea

  25. International Cooperation • International joint research projects in 2000 • Overseas Cooperation Programs & joint research centers - Joint Research Center at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA - Korea-UK Bioindustry Collaboration Program (HGMPRC, Bio-Nano IRC) - Korea-France S&T Focal Points Program (focal point in biotech area) - Korea-China Bioscience and Biotechnology Cooperation Center (Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS) - Korea-Israel Biotechnology Collaboration Program (Weizmann Ins. of Science) - Bioventure Incubating Centers (Germany, USA) * RDA: Rural Development Administration Biotechnology in Korea

  26. Challenges and Opportunities : SWOT Analysis (I) • Strengths - Strong drive policy by the government • - Good R&D infrastructure in industry, universities and research institutes • - Booming bioventure business • - Skilled manpower • - Strong knowledge and industry bases • Weaknesses - Shortage of innovative R&Ds for platform technology • - Comparatively insufficient R&D expenditure • - Weak link between industry and academia • - Small domestic market and limited marketing power for global sales • - Poorbiodiversity and bioresources Biotechnology in Korea

  27. Challenges and Opportunities : SWOT Analysis (II) • Opportunities - Paradigm shift in biotechnology for post genomic era • - Top priority in national R&D projects • - Increase of public awareness in health and welfare • - Emerging new technology innovation • Threats - Growing competition worldwide • - Depression of local investment atmosphere • - Regulatory issues: biosafety and bioethics Biotechnology in Korea

  28. Competitiveness (as of 2002) Biotechnology in Korea

  29. 2000 2010 • 현재 • 현재 13th in the world Competitiveness G-7 level 종 합 • 7 • 선진 • 개국 • 7 • 선진 • 개국 5% of total governmental R&D spending R&D Spending 종 합 • Basic: 70% • NDD: 50% • Process: 70% R&D Capability (% of top level) 종 합 Size: - World: U$ 54 bil. - Korea: U$ 0.9 bil. Share: 1.7 % of world market Market 종 합 Vision 2010 20% of total governmental R&D spending • Basic: 90% • NDD: 90% • Process: 90% Size: - World: U$150 bil. - Korea: U$ 10 bil. Share: 6.6% of world market Biotechnology in Korea

  30. Summary • Biotechnology is a key platform to accelerate the national economic growth in Korea. • Korea has set up a solid strategy to achieve international competitiveness by leveraging existing capabilities and creating new strengths. - “selection and focus” on the areas with high international • competitiveness - implementation of inter-ministerial coordination for biotechnology • development - promotion of international cooperation and strategic alliances Biotechnology in Korea

  31. Thank you ! Biotechnology in Korea

  32. What should be put in BINASIA? • Science and Technology Related Data National Science and Technology Policies National Policies on Biotechnology Biotechnology R&D Activities Status of Biological Diversity Biosafety Protocol Manpower Training Centers / Programs International Cooperation in Biotech Area Bilateral Cooperation with Member Countries and beyond Biotechnology Infrastructure National Budget for the Promotion of Biotechnology Biotechnology in Korea

  33. Key Factors - Part A: Basic Data – Land Area, Population, GNP - Part B: R&D – National R&D Expenditures in Total, National R&D Expenditures in Biotech - Part C: Human Resources – Number of Scientists in Biotech Area in Total, Number of Scientists in Biotech Area by Sector - Part D: Biotechnology Development and Diffusion – Bioindustry Market (in Total and by Sector), International Trade in Bioproducts, Number of Biotechnology Companies (Venture, Established), Number of Patents(in Total, by Field), Number of Publications (Domestic and Overseas), etc. - Part E: International Cooperation – Number of Bilateral & Multinational Agreements (MOU), Number of International Cooperation Centers, Number of International Joint Research Projects Biotechnology in Korea

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