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Natural Resource – anything that nature gives us that we use

Weathering – breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces (sediments) because of ‘weather’: ice, freezing, rain, wind & temperature & plants (roots) Sediment – small pieces of broken rock, sand, silt

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Natural Resource – anything that nature gives us that we use

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  1. Weathering – breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces (sediments) because of ‘weather’: ice, freezing, rain, wind & temperature & plants (roots) Sediment – small pieces of broken rock, sand, silt Erosion- the movement of sediment from one place to another: wind, moving water (river), ice (glacier), gravity (landslide) Deposition- the ‘deposit’-ing or dropping of sediments from water erosion (delta) or wind erosion

  2. Natural Resource – anything that nature gives us that we use Renewable Resource- a resource that can be replaced (trees, wind, water cycle, sunlight) Nonrenewable Resource- a resource that takes millions of years to replace (fossil fuels: natural gas, oil/petroleum, coal

  3. FLOW OF ENERGY Food Chain – energy flow is shown with an The SUN is the first part of any food chain • PRODUCERS- produce their own food= PLANTS (all plants get their energy from the sun-photosynthesis) • CONSUMERS- must consume their food (must get their energy from other sources) • Herbivore- eats only plants • Carnivore- eats other animals: meat/flesh • Omnivore- eats both plants & animals/meat ECOSYSTEM- a combination of plants and animals living in one community all connected

  4. LIFE CYCLES- stages an organism goes through Frog- egg, tadpole, young frog, adult Butterfly- egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, adult Grasshopper- egg, nymph (no wings), (molts & loses its hard outer skeleton), adult (incomplete metamorphosis) Flower- egg, seed, seedling, mature plant, flower/pollen Animals– egg, embryo, infant, adolescent, adult Mammal- nurse their young (mammary/milk gland)

  5. MINERAL PROPERTIES A nonliving solid in crystal form, which forms in nature- under the ground-even the air (minerals do not contain rocks!) Cleavage/Fracture- a crack or break in a mineral Streak – the color left behind when a mineral is rubbed on a white tile Hardness- ability to scratch another mineral (Mohs scale is 1-10) talc=1 [fingernail=2.5] diamond=10 Luster- how shiny or dull a mineral is (shiny, dull, earthy, waxy, metalic, glassy)

  6. ROCK: a solid in nature that is made of one or more minerals • IGNEOUS ROCK- forms from a volcano’s lava that cools (‘ignite’) -cools deep underground = more crystals form -cools above ground= not as many crystals form • SEDIMENTARY ROCK- when bits of ‘sediment’ push and cement together deep under water (fossils) • METAMORPHIC ROCK- form deep underground from heat & pressure changing from one form into another (‘morph’- means change)

  7. ROCK CYCLE IGNEOUS ROCK- can break down into sediments (from wind or water), fall to bottom of river/ocean, cement from weight of water into SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK- Can melt in a magma chamber and erupt out of vocano, cool into an IGNEOUS ROCK. Or, be at the edge of a plate, be pushed up exposed above ground, be eroded by wind/water into sediments, cemented into SEDIMENTARY ROCK SEDIMENTARY ROCK- can be at edge of plate, be pushed down into mantle, be heated & pressed into METAMORPHIC ROCK.

  8. EARTH, MOON, SUN • Moon Phases- appear to change [as seen from Earth] caused by the Moon revolving around Earth. • Seasons – caused by Earth’s axis being tilted *when Northern Hemisphere is tilted TOWARD Sun, its having SUMMER *when Northern Hemisphere is tilted AWAY from Sun, its having WINTER • Earth’s ROTATION (spinning) on its axis causes: 1.DAY & NIGHT: One complete spin= 12 hrs of day & 12 hrs of night. (sun rising & sun setting) 2.Moon appears to move across the Earth’s sky 3.Sun appears to move across the sky in the daytime • MOON rotates same time it revolves, so we only see one side of moon

  9. INVERTABRATES DO NOT HAVE BACKBONES ARTHOPODS (spider, scorpions, crab) , INSECTS, SNAILS, SQUIDS, SEA SLUGS,

  10. VERTABRATES HAVE BACKBONES AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, MAMMALS, FISH,

  11. PLANT PARTS & STRUCTURES: ROOTS- anchor/hold plants in ground; take in/absorb water & nutrients from soil STEM – support plant to stand tall & strong; carries water & nutrients up/ glucose food down LEAF/NEEDLE – use energy from sun, carbon dioxide to make food: glucose FLOWER – attracts pollinators, helps some plants reproduce, many grow into fruit (containing a seed) CONE- not a fruit, but disperses seeds SEED – structure that contains a young plant and its food supply

  12. PLANT SEXUAL [MALE/FEMALE] REPRODUCTION • MALE PARTS: • STAMEN- male organ; thin stalk topped with a saclike anther produces pollen • ANTHER – male organ that produces pollen • POLLEN- male part contains sperm, which is needed to fertilize the female egg • FEMALE PARTS: • PISTIL- female organ that contains the ovary-where eggs are made • OVARY- female structure where eggs are made • PETAL – puter part of flower that attracts • Pollinators: butterflies, birds, bats, wind (25%), • bees/insects • SEED- fertilized egg that will grow into a seedling • GERMINATION – when a seed sprouts • SEEDLING – when the small plant grows roots & • a stem (a very small beginning of the plant • SEED DISPERSAL- the spreading of seeds through • Wind, animal dung, catching on moving animals. • Animals bury seeds, floating on water,

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