OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS FOR NEET AIIMS JIPMER wisedane

1. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS FOR NEET AIIMS JIPMER www.wisedane.com

2. BIOLOGY BIODIVERSITY SET 1 MCQ’S

3. Q1. Which is not true regarding Z in the following graph • Called regression coefficient • Its value is 0.1 to 0.2 mostly • Can be calculated from slope of the line • In very large areas its value is 0.02to 0.03 www.wisedane.com

4. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • In very large area like continents value of Z varies between 0.6 to 1.2 www.wisedane.com

5. Q2. Species area relationship curve can be affected by all but • The relative balance between immigration and extinction • Rate and magnitude of disturbance on small vs. Large areas • Climatic changes in a community • And clustering of individuals of the same species as a result of dispersal limitation or habitat heterogeneity. www.wisedane.com

6. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • A species–area curve describes the relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species found within that area. • Larger areas tend to contain larger numbers of species, and empirically, the relative numbers seem to follow systematic mathematical relationships. www.wisedane.com

7. Q3. All are true about species diversity except- • Decreases as we move away from the equator • Increases in temperature areas • Maximum in aquatic ecosystems • Species area relationship was given by von humboldt www.wisedane.com

8. ANSWER(C) EXPLANATION • Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles   • It increases in temperature areas but reaches the maximum in tropical rain forests • Maximum diversity occurs in Amazon rain forest of South America www.wisedane.com

9. Q4. True about extinctions is – Natural or background extinction is a very fast process of replacement of existing species with the better adapted species due to alternate evolution Changes in environmental conditions contribute to extinctions Predators and diseases do not contribute to natural extinctions. Earth has not experienced mass extinctions till now. www.wisedane.com

10. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • The most serious aspect of the loss of biodiversity is the extinction of species • Extinction is of three types- natural extinction. Mass extinction and anthropogenic extinction • Natural or background extinction is a slow process of replacement of existing species with the better adapted species due to alternate evolution, changes in environmental conditions, predators and diseases. • Earth has experienced five mass extinctions due to environmental catastrophes. • Anthropogenic extinctions are extinctions abetted by human activities like settlements, hunting, over exploitation and habitat destruction. www.wisedane.com

11. Q5. Al are causes of biodiversity losses except • Nonnative alien species • Extinction of one species in a mutualistic relationship • High level of biodiversity • Environmental pollution www.wisedane.com

12. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION There are four major causes of biodiversity losses Habitat loss and fragmentation causes serious effects as microclimatic changes in light, temperature, wind etc. The most subtle from of habitat degradation is environmental pollution. Increasing human population has escalated the use of natural resources. Many animals have become extinct in the last 500 years due to over exploitation by humans. Non-native or alien species often become invasive and drive away the local species. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was introduced in Indian waters to reduce pollution. It has closed water bodies including wetlands at many places resulting in death of several aquatic and animals. Certain obligatory Mutuallistic relationships exist in nature, e.g., Promina yuccaselles and Yucca. Extinction of one will automatically cause extinction of the other. This is known as co-extinction. www.wisedane.com

13. Q6. Molecular biodiversity refers to • Genetic diversity • Species diversity • Ecological diversity • Diversity among different species www.wisedane.com

14. ANSWER (A) EXPLANATION • Genetic diversity: The diversity in the numbers and types of genes as well as chromosomes present in different species and the variations in the genes and their alleles in the same species. • Species diversity: the variety in the number and richness of the species of a region. The number of the species per unit area is called species richness. Number of individuals of different species represents species evenness or species equitability. • Ecological diversity: (community and ecosystem diversity): it is related to the different types of ecosystems/habitats e.g., terrestrial (forests, grasslands, deserts etc.) and aquatic (fresh water and marine) ecosystems. www.wisedane.com

15. Q7. Importance of species diversity to ecosystem can be explained by all except – • Productivity-stability hypothesis • Diversity-stability hypothesis • Rivet popper hypothesis • Species-area relationship hypothesis www.wisedane.com

16. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • Productivity-stability hypothesis: David Tillman found that areas with more species showed less year to year variation in total biomass. He experimentally showed that, increased diversity contributed to higher productivity. • Diversity-stability hypothesis: According to Johnson et al 1996, the ecological communities will decrease in ability to recover from disturbance and in productivity if there is reduction in species richness. • Rivet popper hypothesis: According to this hypothesis proposed by Stanford ecologist Paul Ehrlich (1981) the relationship between species richness and ecosystem functioning is non-linear, but may follow a variety of possible trajectories. The loss of a few species (or reverts holding together an aero plane) will initially create no problem, but beyond a certain point losses will cause catastrophic effect. www.wisedane.com

17. Q8. Which of the following is a biodiversity hot spot- • Gene banks • Deserts • National parks • Western ghats www.wisedane.com

18. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • The British biologist Norman Myers coined the term "biodiversity hotspot" in 1988 as a biogeographic region characterized both by exceptional levels of plant endemism and by serious levels of habitat loss. • According to Conservation International (CI), to qualify as a hotspot a region must meet two strict criteria: • it must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (> 0.5% of the world’s total) as endemics, and it has to have lost at least 70% of its original habitat. www.wisedane.com

19. Q9. Biodiversity hotspots in India includes all except- • Himalaya • Indo-Burma • Ganges plane • Western Ghats www.wisedane.com

20. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • Biodiversity hotspots in India includes- • Himalaya: Includes the entire Indian Himalayan region (and that falling in Pakistan, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, China and Myanmar) • Indo-Burma: Includes entire North-eastern India, except Assam and Andaman group of Islands (and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and southern China) • Sundalands: Includes Nicobar group of Islands (and Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines) • Western Ghats and Sri Lanka: Includes entire Western Ghats (and Sri Lanka) www.wisedane.com

21. Q10. Given pie diagram represents the proportionate number of species of major groups of invertebrates. Identify the groups A , B and C • A = Insects, B = Molluscs, C= Ehinodermata • A = Molluses, B =Insects,C= Ehinodermata • A = Insects, B = Ehinodermata, C= Annelids • A = Ehinodermata,B=Annelids,C= Molluses www.wisedane.com

22. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION www.wisedane.com

23. Q11. Which among the following is the most abundant green-house gas(ghg) in the earth’s atmosphere? Carbon dioxide Water Vapour Sulphur Dioxide Tropospheric Ozone www.wisedane.com

24. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION • Water vapour also accounts for the largest percentage of the greenhouse effect, between 36% and 66% for clear sky conditions and between 66% and 85% when including clouds. www.wisedane.com

25. Q12. Which of the following is a reason for the greater biological diversity of tropical regions? • Tropical latitudes have remained almost undisturbed • Tropical environments are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable • More solar energy is available in the tropics, resulting in high productivity • All of these www.wisedane.com

26. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles • It increases in temperature areas but reaches the maximum in tropical rain forests. • Maximum diversity occurs in Amazon rain forest of South America. • Some of the reasons ehind the maximum biological diversity of tropical regions are (i) prolong evolutionary time, (ii) Constant environment (iii) High productivity. www.wisedane.com

27. Q13. Species diversity _____ as we move away from the _____ towards _____. • Decreases, equator, poles • Increases, equator, poles • Decreases, poles, equator • None of these www.wisedane.com

28. ANSWER (A) EXPLANATION • Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles www.wisedane.com

29. Q14. There are four major causes of accelerated rates of species extinction, which are collectively called as the evil quartet which one of the following is not included in the evil quartet? • Over exploitation • Pollution • Co-extinctions • Alien species invasions www.wisedane.com

30. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION Causes of biodiversity lossesthe evil quartet: Habitat loss and fragmentation causes serious effects as microclimatic changes in light, temperature, wind etc Increasing human population has escalated the use of natural resources. Non-native or alien species often become invasive and drive away the local species. Certain obligatory Mutualistic relationships exist in nature, e.g., Promina yuccaselles and Yucca. www.wisedane.com

31. Q15. An exotic species that is introduced to a new area, spreads rapidly and eliminates native species is called Immigrant species Invasive species Destructive species None of these www.wisedane.com

32. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION • Non-native or alien species often become invasive and drive away the local species. • Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was introduced in Indian waters to reduce pollution. • It has closed water bodies including wetlands at many places resulting in death of several aquatic and animals. www.wisedane.com

33. Q16. The exotic species which introduced in India became notorious weed(s), is/are • Latanca camara • Eicchornia crassipes • Partheniu hyssterouphorus • All of these www.wisedane.com

34. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • An alien plant also referred to as exotic, introduced, foreign, non-indigenous or non-native, is one that has been introduced by humans intentionally or otherwise through human agency or accidentally from one region to another • Invasive species possess characteristic features like • “pioneer species” in varied landscapes • tolerant of a wide range of soil and weather conditions generalist in distribution • produces copious amounts of seed that disperse easily • grows aggressive root systems, • short generation time, • high dispersal rates, • long flowering and fruiting periods, • broad native range, • abundant in native range www.wisedane.com

35. Q17. Give pie diagram represents the proportionate number of species of major taxa of vertebrates. Identify the groups A and B. • A-Reptiles B-Birds • A-Fish B-Birds • A-Birds B-fish • A-Birds B-Reptiles www.wisedane.com

36. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION www.wisedane.com

37. Q18. Identify the groups of organisms marked A and B in the given pie diagram representing the proportionate number of species of major taxa of plants. • A- Bryophytes,B-Gymnosperms • A- Fungi, B-Gymnosperm • A-Fungi,B-Angiosperms • A-Algae,B-Angiosperms www.wisedane.com

38. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • Plants are multi-cellular and mostly photosynthetic organisms which found essentially everywhere, both in water and on land. • The aquatic plants include red, brown and green algae and the land plants include mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. • The angiosperms or flowering plants are dominated the earth the last 70 million years. www.wisedane.com

39. Q19. The ‘Red Data Book’ is the documentation of rare and endangered species of : 1. Animals 2. Plants 3. Fungi Only 1 1 and 2 2 and 3 1, 2 and 3 www.wisedane.com

40. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • A Red Data Book contains lists of species whose continued existence is threatened. Species are classified into different categories of perceived risk. • Each Red Data Book usually deals with a specific group of animals or plants and fungi. They are now being published in many different countries and provide useful information on the threat status of the species. www.wisedane.com

41. Q20. The Cartagena Protocol is regarding safe use, transfer and handling of: Nuclear waste Invasive Alien Species Living Modified Organisms(LMOs) Toxic bye-products and industrial effluents www.wisedane.com

42. ANSWER(C) EXPLANATION • The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted on 29 January 2000 as a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity and entered into force on 11 September 2003. • It is an international treaty governing the movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology from one country to another. www.wisedane.com

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