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Forming Ionic Bonds

Forming Ionic Bonds. Electron transfer: one atom loses electrons - another atom gains those electrons Positive and negative ions attract = ionic compound. Metal + oxygen = OXIDE Metal + nonmetals = SALT. Ionic Bonds. Often binary (2 elements) e- lost = e- gained (always) Quick check:

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Forming Ionic Bonds

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  1. Forming Ionic Bonds • Electron transfer: one atom loses electrons - another atom gains those electrons • Positive and negative ions attract = ionic compound. • Metal + oxygen = OXIDE • Metal + nonmetals = SALT

  2. Ionic Bonds • Often binary (2 elements) • e- lost = e- gained (always) • Quick check: • How will sodium & chlorine combine? • How about calcium & sulfur? • How about lithium & phosphorus? • How about iron (III) & oxygen? Hint: use e- configurations or electron dot diagrams Then show box and table method to solve

  3. Quick Check • How will sodium & chlorine combine? calcium & sulfur? lithium & phosphorus? iron (III) & oxygen?

  4. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Crystals (not molecules) = many cations and anions packed into a repeating pattern (crystal lattice). • Chemical formula = ratio of atoms needed • Fairly strong bond = large amount of energy to break. • High melting & boiling points • Often rigid & hard

  5. More Properties • If a liquid or solution, good conductors of electricity (electrolytes) • If a solid, bad conductors because ions aren’t free to move • EXOTHERMIC (almost always) – means the ionic compound is more stable & requires less energy, so heat is given off when forming Ex: hand warmers = iron + oxygen combining

  6. Lattice Energy • Energy to break apart 1 mole of ions • Equals energy released when ions form • More negative number = stronger bonds • Smaller ions = greater lattice energy (nucleus is closer to the valence e-) • Greater ionic charge = greater lattice NRG

  7. Quick Check • Which would have the greater lattice energy? • LiCl or LiBr • KF or RbF • NaCl or MgF2 • SrCl2 or MgO • Which compound in each pair would have the higher melting point?

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