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CONTROL. MAKING SURE GOALS ARE ACHIEVED. 1. SET STANDARDS. STATE GOALS IN MEASURABLE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS COME FROM GOALS GOVERNMENT CUSTOMER HISTORICAL. 2. MEASURE ACTUAL PERFORMANCE. WHAT WHERE WHEN HOW. WHAT, WHERE, WHEN. CRITICAL, STRATEGIC CONTROL POINTS
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CONTROL MAKING SURE GOALS ARE ACHIEVED
1. SET STANDARDS • STATE GOALS IN MEASURABLE PERFORMANCE • STANDARDS COME FROM • GOALS • GOVERNMENT • CUSTOMER • HISTORICAL
2. MEASURE ACTUAL PERFORMANCE • WHAT • WHERE • WHEN • HOW
WHAT, WHERE, WHEN • CRITICAL, STRATEGIC CONTROL POINTS • IMPORTANT OPERATIONS, TASKS, OUTCOMES • WHEN PROBLEMS “SMALL,” CAN FIX • SEASONAL, CYCLICAL
HOW TO MEASURE • TOOLS • JUDGMENT • OBSERVATION
3. COMPARE ACTUAL TO STANDARD • SIGNIFICANT DEVIATION • ACCEPTABLE PERF., BEHAVIOR • EXCEPTION PRINCIPLE • WATCH TRENDS
SIGNIFICANT DEVIATION • BUDGET IS 10,000 UNITS/MONTH • VARIANCE = 400 +, - • POLICY • ACCEPTABLE LIMITS
EXCEPTION PRINCIPLE * ___________________________________ * * * * ___________________________________
TRENDS ___________________________________ * * * * * ___________________________________
4. CORRECTIVE ACTION • NEGATIVE DEVIATION • POSITIVE DEVIATION
+, - DEVIATION • BUDGET IS 10,000 UNITS/MONTH • VARIANCE = 400 +, - • ACTUAL = 9,100 • OUT OF CONTROL
+, - DEVIATION • BUDGET IS 10,000 UNITS/MONTH • VARIANCE = 400 +, - • ACTUAL = 10,500 • OUT OF CONTROL??
IF “OUT OF CONTROL” • OPERATIONS OUT OF CONTROL • GOALS NOT APPROPRIATE • CONTROLS NOT WORKING, NOT APPROPRIATE
CONTROL TOOLS • BUDGETS, STATEMENTS • RULES, PROCEDURES, POLICY • DIRECT SUPERVISION • GOALS • CHARTS
CONTROL TOOLS • COUNTERS • CULTURE • NORMS • RITUALS • BEHAVIOR OF MANAGER • PERCEPTIONS
CONTROL TOOLS • PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL • SELECTION • SOCIALIZATION • TRAINING • SELF MONITORING
TYPES OF CONTROLS • FEEDFORWARD • INPUT • PRELIMINARY
TYPES OF CONTROLS • CONCURRENT • PROCESS • STEERING
TYPES OF CONTROLS • FEEDBACK • POST ACTION • OUTPUT • YES/NO
POSSIBLE NEGATIVES OF CONTROLS • HIGHLIGHTS FAILURE • REWARD NOT TIED TO CONTROLS • EMPHASIS ON NUMBERS • EMPHASIS ON ONE PART • NOT UNDERSTOOD, ACCEPTED
POSSIBLE NEGATIVES OF CONTROLS • BEIGN “WATCHED” • IMPOSED FROM ABOVE • USEFUL THER, NOT TO PERSON • INADEQUATE TRAINING, SKILL • INADEQUATE INCENTIVE
QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM • ACCURATE • VALID • RELIABALE • TIMELY • STRATEGIC CONTROL POINTS • FORWARD LOOKING • EXCEPTION PRINCIPLE
QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM (CONT’D) • ECONOMICAL • FLEXIBLE • UNDERSTANDABLE • MULTIPLE CRITERIA
QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM (CONT’D) • LEAD TO CORRECTIVE ACTION • COORDINATED WITH WORK FLOW, ORG. DESIGN • COORDINATED WITH PEOPLE • FOCUSED ON MISSION
RELATIONSHIPS: GOALS AND • DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY • LEADER EXAMPLE • MOTIVATION • GOALS, PLANS, MISSION • COMMUNICATION • PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL