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Intensive General Chemistry

Intensive General Chemistry. Chemical separations I. Isabelle Vu Trieu ilv2@columbia.edu http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu. What is a distillation?. This a separation technique for purifying a liquid. In this process, the liquid is heated to the boiling point and vaporized.

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Intensive General Chemistry

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  1. Intensive General Chemistry Chemical separations I Isabelle Vu Trieu ilv2@columbia.edu http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu

  2. What is a distillation? • This a separation technique for purifying a liquid. • In this process, the liquid is heated to the boiling point and vaporized. • That vapor is then cooled and recondensed in the liquid form

  3. Origin of distillation

  4. Phase 1 A A A A A A A Phase 2 A A A A Partition Partition constant: K = aA(phase 2)/ aA(phase 1)

  5. Ideal solutions • Solutions are ideal when the intermolecular interactions among species are identical • An ideal solution obeys Raoult’s law PA = XA PAo

  6. Raoult’s Law applied to mixtures Relative volatility  or RV

  7. Relative Volatility  or RV

  8. Phase diagram

  9. In the distillation process, the vapors get enriched in the more volatile component

  10. In the distillation process, the vapors get enriched in the more volatile component

  11. Fractional distillation: numerous evaporation-distillation stages

  12. Distillation columns

  13. Distillation set-up

  14. Introduction to chromatography • Chromatography is a separation technique based on partition between a mobilephase and a stationary phase. • Invented by a botanist (M.Tswett) at the beginning of the 20th century • From greek chroma:”color” and graphein:”write”

  15. Phase 1 A A A A A A A Phase 2 A A A A Introduction to chromatography Mobile phase Stationary phase Partition constant: K = aA(stationary)/ aA(mobile)

  16. Column Elution

  17. Column Elution

  18. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

  19. Pre-lab questions • Find out the flash point and the auto-ignition temperature of cyclohexane and toluene. • What is the meaning of these temperatures? • In the distillation part, what is the role of the stainless steel sponge?

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