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Wireless Web Architecture Solutions

Wireless Web Architecture Solutions. Mike Issaa Vicky Martinez Cisco SJSU MBA/MSE. Agenda. Wireless Communication Trends WAP 1.x Architecture iMode Architecture WAP Next Gen 2.x Architecture Comparison Challenges Recommendations. What Wireless? What Spectrum?.

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Wireless Web Architecture Solutions

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  1. Wireless WebArchitecture Solutions Mike Issaa Vicky Martinez Cisco SJSU MBA/MSE

  2. Agenda • Wireless Communication Trends • WAP 1.x Architecture • iMode Architecture • WAP Next Gen 2.x Architecture • Comparison • Challenges • Recommendations

  3. What Wireless? What Spectrum? • Frequencies For Exclusive Purchase • 2.4 GHz Industrial/Scientific/Medical(ISM)- not sold but reserved for free use • 2.5 GHz Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Services(MMDS) • 5.7 GHz (U-NII) - not sold but reserved for free use • 28 GHz Local Multipoint Distribution Services(LMDS) • Frequencies Segregated into Bands • 200 MHz at 2.5 GHz (MMDS) • 100 MHz at 5.7 GHz (U-NII) • 1.3 GHz at 28 GHz (LMDS)

  4. 902-928 MHz 26 MHz 2.4 – 2.4835 GHz 83.5 MHz (IEEE 802.11) 5 GHz (IEEE 802.11) HyperLAN HyperLAN2 Wireless Frequency Bands Short Wave Radio FM Broadcast Infrared wireless LAN AM Broadcast Television Audio Cellular (840MHz) NPCS (1.9GHz) Extremely Low Very Low Low Medium High Very High Ultra High Super High Infrared Visible Light Ultra- violet X-Rays

  5. ISPs Cellular Operator CO Wireless Technologies Cellular GPS INTERNET Fixed Wireless Wireless LAN • PDAs, Cell Phones • CORE Networks • “Last Mile” Access • IEEE 802.11/b • DATA/Voice integration • ISP providers • Central Office Cellular • 28GHz –LMDS vs. 5.7GHz U-NII • 5 miles @ 45 Mbps P2MP • 5 miles @ 155 Mbps P2P LMDS • 2.4 GHz DSSS vs. FHSS • “Wireless Anywhere” • 840Mhz @ 15Kbps to 36Kbps • 200m@10Mbps • FCC certified Core Web Servers

  6. Wireless Access ProtocolWAP 1.x 6

  7. What Is WAP? • An open, global standard that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services instantly. • A standard created by wireless and Internet companies around the world to make accessing the Internet as easy and convenient as using a cellular phone. • WAP is published by the WAP Forum, founded in 1997 by Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet • WAP defines connection protocols, content formats, and framework for developing value added services for wireless terminals such as mobile phones.

  8. Bearer Independent Protocol • Allows Applications developed once to work across all networks -- today and tomorrow • Protects the Carrier’s investment in wireless data as networks evolve • Enables Mobile Device Manufacturers to use common code across product lines • Bearer examples: GPRS, TDMA, CDMA, etc..

  9. WAP Browsing Model WAP Gateway Web Server WML content WMLScript HTTP WML Binary DATA WML ASCII DATA WAP Compliant Browser Binary Transcoding at Gateway

  10. Client Gateway SSL SSL WTP WTP TCP TCP WTLS WTLS IP WDP IP WDP Bearer Link Link Bearer WAP 1.x Architecture Web Server Wireless Session Protocol CGI Scripts etc. WSP WSP HTTP HTTP Wireless Transaction Protocol HTTP WSP/WTP WML Decks with WML-Script Wireless Transport Layer Security Protocol Wireless Datagram Protocol Content WAP Protocol Internet Protocol

  11. iMode Protocol 11

  12. iMode Browser • iMode is the service mark name for the DoCoMo mobile internet service Japan. • iMode service was developed by the Japanese company NTT DoCoMo and launched in February 1999. • Currently only deployed in Japan but have deals with other global GSM operators. • Based on Compact HTML (C-HTML) and proprietary protocol stack.

  13. iMode Success • Japan marketed iMode as an experience not a technology • Targeted to consumers • Large, readable screens COLOR • Phone enables (email, melodies, animations, etc.) • Lots of content sites: 500+ official, 15K+ unofficial content provider sites. • Business Model: • Gateways provide email, notification, DoCoMo served content tracks usage • DoCoMo collects fees, takes part of it, and sells packets. They can barely keep up with demand.

  14. What is iMode? • Suite of applications that make up the total iMode Service including: • Browser – currently based on cHTML but changing to xHTML • iMode Email client – Proprietary HTTP Mail • Security Stack – based on SSL 3.0 • iMelody – downloadable ringer tone service using MIDI • iAnimation – Animated GIF support in grayscale and color • DoCoMo pictograms – downloadable graphics such as a Pokemon (future of Japanese economy)

  15. iMode is Evolving • Video clips being added. • More sound support/voices. • Kjava arrived in 1Q’01. • SSL coming online. • Emphasis is on what end users will find exciting and interesting.

  16. Client Portal HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP SSL SSL SSL SSL TCP W-TCP TCP W-TCP IP IP IP IP iMode Architecture Web Server Compact Hypertext Markup Language CGI Scripts etc. CHTML CHTML CHTML CHTML Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP C-HTML with CHTML-Script iMode Wireless Transport Layer Security Protocol Wireless Datagram Protocol Content iMode Protocol Internet Protocol

  17. Wireless Access Protocol Next GenWAP NG 2.x 17

  18. WAP Next Generation • Next Generation WAP standard that will closely follow the wired internet model. • Developed with input from DoCoMo Japan. • Many similarities to wireline and iMode browsing model. • TCP/IP,HTTP,TLS,HTML based content, XHTML tags.

  19. WAP Next Generation • Convergence with Internet. Specs ready in mid 2001. • WTLS replaced by TLS • TLS Profile document being finalized within WAP. Expected approval: June 2001 • Architecture will allow Mobile Terminal to “tunnel” through the proxy using HTTP CONNECT method providing end-to-end transport security layer • WAP NG will be backwards compatible with WAP 1.x

  20. Client Gateway SSL TCP IP Link Proposed Architecture for WAP Next Gen 2.x Web Server Extensible Markup Language CGI Scripts etc. XML XML XML HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP WSP/WTP WML Decks with WML-Script TLS/SSL SSL TLS/SSL Security Socket Layer W-TCP TCP W-TCP Wireless profiled TCP IP IP IP Content Wireless Internet Protocol Internet Protocol

  21. Comparison WAP vs. iMode 21

  22. iMode vs. WAPNetwork • Neither WAP nor iMode rely on one particular underlying network type. • WAP in Europe has been deployed on a circuit-switched network. • iMode in Japan has been deployed on a packet-switched network. • WAP users will have to endure waiting during connection set-up and being charged for time spent on-line until their network operators upgrade to a packet-switched network. • iMode users enjoys almost-instant downloads and the response times needed for online gaming with their "always-on" network.

  23. iMode vs. WAPMarkup Language • WAP uses WML which is a new language. • iMode uses cHTML which is simply an extended subset of the existing HTML Web standard. • iMode can immediately make use of the skills of current WWW developers, but those interested in producing content for WAP browsers must learn WML from scratch. • As the WWW community migrates away from HTML and towards XML in the next few years, iMode may find that it's short-term stop-gap approach loses out to WAP's longer-term measured approach.

  24. iMode vs. WAPDeployed Applications • WAP in Europe uses text and no images small screen. • iMode in Japan uses text and color images and larger screen. • WAP is Marketed for business application (banking, stock portfolio, business news, flight booking). • iMode marketed for consumer applications (restaurant guide, fun images, ringing melodies).

  25. iMode on IMT-2000 Current iMode WAP 2.0 WAP 1.x TLS WTP WTP WTP WTP WTLS W-TCP WTLS WTLS WTLS IP IP IP IP IP Network Bearer Network Bearer Network Bearer Network Bearer Network Bearer Future of WAP and iMode WML WML WML WML WML XML XML CHTML WSP WSP WSP WSP WSP HTTP HTTP HTTP WTP SSL/TLS SSL WTLS W-TCP TL WDP UDP WDP UDP WDP UDP WDP UDP WDP UDP IP IP IP Network Bearer Network Bearer IMT 2000 Network Bearer PDC-P Future Protocol Proposed Stack

  26. Challenges 26

  27. WAP Challenges • WML • WAP is incompatible with HTML. • Display Screen • WAP is not graphics-based and lacks colors. • Slow Data Transfer • WAP uses circuit switched network. • End-to-End Security • WTLS does not provide end-to-end security. • Limited application layer security.

  28. WAP Security Support • Wireless connection must provide security features designed in the stack protocol and and supported by Client and Gateway. • Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) is based on and provides the same function in WAP that SSL or TLS provides on the internet. • The WTLS and SSL/TLS protocols provide connection endpoint security that have three basic properties: • Privacy is created through the use of symmetric encryption after a handshake to define a secret key • Authentication of each peer is possible through asymmetric/public key encryption and digital certificates • Integrity of messages is ensured through the use of keyed MAC.

  29. Certificate on WAP Gateway • Server operator generates a new private/public key pair on gateway and generates a certificate request file for this public key. • Server operator sends certificate request to certificate authority. • Certificate authority validates content, creates, and sign the digital certificate. • Certificate Authority sends signed certificate to server operator. • Server operator installs Certificate.

  30. iMode Challenges • iMode's content seems to be heavily tied to Japanese culture and may not easily translate to other countries. • CHTML is incompatible with full HTML. • iMode does not support security layer because it is not required for consumer applications. • iMode uses the PDC-P network which is not a world standard while other parts of the world like Asia and Europe have circuit switched networks in place.

  31. What is being done for WAP and iMode End-To-End Security • Gap in WAP • Application Layer Security • WTLS based on SSL 3.0. • WMLScript Crypto Library being developed. • WAP Identity Module (WIM) specification. • Custom applications on client devices. • iMode • Same security concerns as WAP. • Security model is currently being revised by NTT DoCoMo. A resolution has not been made public.

  32. Recommendations 32

  33. Wireless Server • Decide on application to be supported, and business model of service (Business Class application or Consumer class application) • Both WAP and iMode next generation will be able to provide both classes of services, as well as interoperability with each other. • Until then, the current WAP seem to be suited for Business class applications, it also have the necessary architecture to provide consumer class applications as well. • The WAP server will include both Java Servlet or as a standalone HTTP Web-Server, and have the following features: • On-demand gathering of HTML content from the Web • Content-based, semi-automatic Mediator • Mediates HTML to WML (WAP) • Automatically splits content into small blocks • Uses a simple but very flexible scripting language • Simple WAP-Stack for direct access via connectionless WSP (GSM SMS or IP/UDP) • WMLScript Crypto Library for end-to-end Security.

  34. References • Eurotechnology Japan K. K. The Unofficial independent imode FAQ. 1996-2001http://www.eurotechnology.com/imode/faq.html • Niskanen, Pekka. Inside WAP Programming Applications with WML and WML Script. 2000. Addison-Wesley Publication. • ITworld.com. WAP - Wireless Application Protocol. http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/1341/ • Telstra.com. WAP Security. http://www.telstra.com.au/mobilenet/phones/wap2/security.htm • The WAP Forum. http://www.wapforum.org/ • Wireless in a Nutshell. What is i-Mode.http://www.wirelessinanutshell.com/imode/

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